A pūihi mokamokahe momo pūihi whakatuwheratanga i hangaia mā te hanga i tētahi, i ētahi atu rānei o ngā whakatuwheratanga i roto i tētahi mata kawe hiko, pērā i te pereti whakarewa, te kōhao, te pakitara arataki ngaru rānei. Ina whakaohokia te kōhao e ngā mara hikohiko, ka huri te whakatuwheratanga hei huānga hihi, ā, ka honoa te kaha mai i te hanganga ārahi, kua kati rānei ki te wāhi wātea.
Ahakoa te āhua māmā noa iho o te hanganga taketake o te pūihi mokowā, he mea nui te mahi a ngā hoahoa e hangai ana ki te mokowā i roto i te hangarau RF me te ngaruiti hou. Mā te whakahaere i tete roa o te mokowā, te whānui, te tūnga, te aronga, te whakaohooho, me te hanganga e karapoti ana, ka taea e ngā kaihangarau te whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te aukati, te polarisation, te tauira irahiko, me ngā āhuatanga hihi.
Ka taea te whakatinana i ngā pūihi mokamoka hei pūwhakamahana takitahi, ka whakaritea rānei ki roto i ngā pūwhakamahana nui akengā rarangi arataki ngaru kōhao, e whai hua ana i roto i te radar, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te ine, te pūoko, me ētahi atu pūnaha ngaruiti. E whakaatu ana te tuhinga tohutoro taketake i te pūihi mokowā hei pūwhera tapawhā i roto i te mata kawe hiko, ā, e whakamārama ana i tana whanonga mā te whakamahi i te mātāpono a Babinet.
1. He aha te Pūihi Mokowā?
Ka taea te whakaaro i te pūihi mokowā māmā rawa atu he pūaha tapawhā whaiti kua tapahia hei rau arataki hiko.
Ina whakatūria he āpure RF ki tēnei pūaha, ka raruraru ngā ia e rere ana i runga i te mata whakarewa e karapoti ana, ā, ka tukuna te kaha hikohiko mā roto i te pūaha.
I roto i ngā tātaritanga ariā, he maha ngā wā ka kiia te pepa kawe hiko he tino nui, he tino pai te kawe hiko. Heoi, ko ngā pūihi tūturu, ka whakamahi i ngā mata whakarewa mutunga kore, i ngā pakitara arataki ngaru, i ngā kōhao, i ētahi atu hanganga mahi rānei. Nō reira, ka pāngia te whanonga pūihi e ngā āhuatanga me te taiao e karapoti ana i te kōhao.
He rerekē tēnei i te pūihi waea, e rere ana te iahiko i te taha o tētahi wāhanga kawe hiko, ka horapa te pūihi mokowā mai i tētahite pūaha i roto i te hanganga aratakiKo tēnei whanaungatanga tautoko tētahi o ngā take e hono tata ana ngā pūihi mokowā ki te mātāpono a Babinet.
2. Auautanga Whakahaere o ngā Antenna Mokowā
Ka whakaurua mai e te tohutoro taketake300 MHz ki te 30 GHzhei awhe mahi noa mō ngā pūihi mokamoka. He mea whai hua tēnei hei whakataki whānui, engari kaua e whakamāramatia hei rohe auau whānui.
I roto i te hangarau pūihi mahi, ko te whānuitanga o te auau e whakamahia ana ka whakawhirinaki ki te hanganga motuhake. Ko ngā mea nui ko:
- Te roa me te whānui o te mokamoka
- Te whakahaere i ngā ine mata
- Tikanga whāngai
- Āhuatanga arataki ngaru, āhua kōhao rānei
- Aratau whakahaere
- Te mokowā o ngā huānga i roto i tētahi rarangi
He mea tino noa ngā pūihi mokowā i roto i ngā pūnaha ngaruiti nā te mea ka taea te whakauru ngāwari i ngā mokowā ki roto i ngā pakitara arataki ngaru. I ngā auau teitei ake, ka taea hoki e te roanga ngaru iti te whakarite i ngā mokowā maha ki roto i ngā rarangi aronga-teitei kiato.
3. He pēhea te mahi a te pūihi mokamoka?
Ina whakaohokia ngā papa hikohiko i roto, i te taha rānei o tētahi hanganga kawe hiko, ka rere ngā ia mata i te taha o te konganuku.
Mā te whakaurunga o tētahi mokowā ka haukoti i te ara iahiko noa. Ka taea e ngā mara hiko kaha te puta puta noa i te whakatuwheratanga, ā, ka honoa e te mokowā tētahi wāhanga o te pūngao hikohiko ki te wāhi wātea.
Ko te whanonga irahiko tuturu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te āhua o te whakaoho o te mokowā.
Hei tauira, i roto i tētahipūihi arataki ngaru kōhao, ko te tūranga me te aronga o te mokowā e pā ana ki te tohatoha o te iahiko arataki ngaru e whakatau ana i te kaha o te whakaoho o taua mokowā. Kātahi ka taea te whakanoho me te wehe i ngā mokowā maha hei hanga i tētahi rarangi me te tauira hua me te hihi e hiahiatia ana.
Koia te take kāore te hoahoa pūihi mokowā e "tapahi noa i tētahi kōhao i roto i te konganuku." Me whai whakaaro ngātahi ki te āhua o te mokowā, te tūnga, te mokowā, te āhuahanga, me te hanganga whāngai.
Pikitia 1. Hanganga mokowā mahi e whakaatu ana i te irahiko hikohiko mā roto i ngā pūaha i roto i te mata kawe hiko.
4. Te Mātāpono a Babinet me ngā Pūihi Mokowā
Ko tētahi o ngā ariā tino whai hua mō te mārama ki ngā pūihi mokamoka koTe mātāpono a Babinet, inā koa tōna toronga aukume.
Ko te whakaaro matua ko te whakataurite i ngā hanganga tautoko e rua:
- He kōhao kua tapahia ki roto i te papa kawe
- He rīpene arataki me te āhua ōrite ki taua mokowā
Ki te whakawhitiwhitia te mea whakarewa me ngā wāhanga tuwhera o tētahi hanganga, ka kiia rāua he mea tautoko.
I roto i te ariā pūihi, ka taea te hono atu i ngā āhuatanga irahiko o te pūihi mokowā ki ērā o tōna hanganga rite ki te dipole tāpiri. He tata te hononga o ngā āhua tauira irahiko, engari ka whakawhitihia ngā mahi a te papa hiko me te papa aukume. Ko te tikanga hoki o tēnei ko te polarization o te mokowā he orthogonal ki tērā o tōna dipole tāpiri e rite ana.
Hei tauira, he whaiti te mokowā whakapae ka puta he papa hiko kua porotakahia kia poutū ki te tuaka roa o te mokowā.
Nō reira, he taputapu nui te mātāpono a Babinet hei mārama ki te aukati, te pōraritanga, me te whanonga irahiko o ngā pūihi mokowā taketake.
Pikitia 2. Whakaahua o ngā hanganga tautoko i whakamahia hei whakamārama i te mātāpono a Babinet.
5. Pūihi Mokowā me te Pūihi Dipole
He whakataurite whai hua te mokowā whaiti me tōna pou-rua tautoko i roto i te ariā o te pūihi.
Ahakoa he rite tonu ngā āhua o ngā tauira irahiko e rua i raro i ngā āhuatanga tautoko tino pai, he rerekē te whakatakotoranga o ō rāua mara hikohiko.
Mō te pūrua-ira tuku iho, ko te tikanga ka hāngai te mara hiko ki te huānga pūrua-ira. Mō te mokowā tāpiri, ko te mara hiko he poutū ki te tuaka roa o te mokowā.
Kāore tēnei whanaungatanga tautoko i te kī he rite tonu te whanonga o ngā pūihi mokowā mahi katoa ki tētahi dipole. Tērā pea kei roto i ngā hanganga tūturu ngā papa whenua mutunga kore, ngā kōhao, ngā arataki ngaru, ngā mokowā maha, ngā rauemi dielectric, me ngā wāhanga miihini tata, ā, ka taea e ēnei katoa te whakarerekē i te aukati me te tauira irahiko.
6. Tauira Irahiko me te Pōrarotanga
E whakaahua ana te tuhinga taketake i te tauira irahiko pūihi mokowā he ahunga-katoa, ā, e whakarite ana ki te dipole haurua-ngaru.
Mō tētahi mokowā motuhake ngāwari i roto i tētahi papa kawe nui, he pai te whakamahi i tētahi tauira irahiko whānui rite ki te rua-pōro hei whakatata whakataki. Heoi anō,Kaua te "atanga-katoa" e whakaarohia he āhuatanga whānui o ngā pūihi mokamoka katoa.
Ko te tauira whakamutunga e whakawhirinaki ana ki:
- Ngā rahinga mokamoka
- Te aronga o te mokamoka
- Mata kawe
- Hanganga whāngai
- Te maha o ngā mokamoka
- Te mokowā me te wāhanga o te huānga
- Ngā whakaata, ngā kōhao rānei i muri i te mokowā
I roto i tētahi huinga arataki ngaru kōhao, ka taea e ngā kōhao hihi maha te mahi tahi hei whakaputa i tētahi hihi whaiti, tino ahunga me te whakanui ake i te kaha.
He mea tino nui tēnei rerekētanga ina kōrerohia ana ngā radar me ngā pūihi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
Pikitia 3. Tauira irahiko rite ki te rua-ira i whakamahia hei whakaatu i te whanonga o tētahi pūihi mokowā taketake i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino pai.
7. Ngā Antenna me ngā Huinga Aratohu Ngaru Kua Mokowāhia
Ko tētahi o ngā whakatinanatanga mahi tino nui o te hangarau pūihi mokamoka ko tepūihi arataki ngaru kōhao.
I roto i tēnei hanganga, ka tapahia ngā mokowā hihi ki roto i te pakitara o tētahi arataki ngaru e kawe ana i te kaha ngaruiti. Ka honoa e ia mokowā tētahi nui o te kaha kua whakahaeretia mai i te arataki ngaru, ā, ka tukuna ki te wāhi wātea.
Ina whakaritea ngā mokowā maha i te taha o tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā hongere arataki ngaru, ka hangaia hepūihi arataki ngaru.
Mā te āta whakahaere i te tūnga o te mokowā, te tawhiti, te aronga, me te whakaohooho, ka taea e ngā kaihoahoa te whakatutuki i:
- Te pikinga teitei ake
- Whānui kurupae whaiti ake
- Ngā taha taha whakahaeretia
- Te porowhita e hiahiatia ana
- Ngā pūaha papatahi kiato
Kei te tukuna e RF MISO i tēnei wāNgā Pūihi Mokamoka Aratohu Ngarume ngā hua arataki ngaru kōhao mō ngā tono ngaruiti. Hei tauira, kei roto i tana kohinga hua ngā pūihi arataki ngaru kōhao 8.6–9.6 GHz me te 9–10 GHz me te porowhita raina me ngā whirihoranga whakanui-teitei.
Ka whakamahia hoki e te RF MISO ngā hoahoanga huinga mokamoka arataki ngaru i roto i āna mahi R&D, tae atu ki ngā hoahoa huinga roopu-X.
8. Ngā Painga o ngā Antenna Mokowā
He maha ngā painga mahi a ngā pūihi mokamoka:
Whakaurunga iti-kōtaha
Ka taea te hanga i ngā mokowā tika ki roto i ngā panera ara iahiko, i ngā pakitara arataki ngaru rānei.
He pai te whakaurunga miihini
Kāore te hanganga hihi e hiahia ana i ngā wā katoa ki tētahi huānga o waho e pupū ake ana.
He pai mō ngā rarangi pūihi
Ka taea te whakakotahi i ngā mokamoka maha ki roto i ngā rarangi papatahi, i ngā rarangi whāngai-ngaru rānei.
Hoahoa kurupae ngāwari
Ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakaritenga mokamoka me te whakaohooho mō ngā whakaritenga rerekē mō te whakanui me te irahiko.
Hototahi ki ngā pūnaha arataki ngaru
I ngā auau ngaruiti me ngā auau ngaru mirimita, ka taea te whakauru tika i ngā mokowā ki ngā hanganga whāngai arataki ngaru iti-ngaronga.
9. Ngā Here me ngā Whakaaro Hoahoa
He maha anō ngā wero hangarau e pā ana ki ngā pūihi mokamoka.
Tērā pea ka iti te whiwhinga me te whānui o te hihi e tukuna ana e te mokamoka kotahi. Ko te whakatutuki i te aronga teitei ake me whai hanganga rarangi.
Tērā pea ka pāngia te mahi e:
- Te tika o te miihini mokamoka
- Ngā rahinga papa whenua
- Ngā tūponotanga arataki ngaru
- Te mokowā i waenganui i te mokowā
- Wāhanga whāngai
- Kounga mata
- Te whakahāngaitanga hanganga
I ngā auau ngaruiti me ngā ngaru mirimita teitei, ka taea e ngā hapa miihini iti te tohu i tētahi wāhanga nui o te roanga ngaru. Nō reira, ka nui haere te hiranga o te tika o te hanga.
Kei roto i te tuhinga taketake ngā ngoikoretanga whānui o te whakawhiti-polarization teitei me te iti o te whai huatanga o te irahiko. I roto i te mahi, he tino whakawhirinaki ēnei āhuatanga ki te hoahoa, ā, kaua e whakaarohia he āhuatanga kāore e taea te karo o ia pūihi mokamoka, o ia rarangi mokamoka rānei.
10. Ngā Whakamahinga o ngā Antennas Mokowā
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pūihi mokamoka me ngā rarangi arataki ngaru mokamoka i roto i ngā pūnaha RF me te ngaruiti, tae atu ki:
- Ngā pūnaha radar
- Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mai i te ngaruiti
- Ngā rarangi pūihi
- Ngā pūnaha whakatere
- Ine RF
- Ngā pūnaha tirotiro
- Ngā papaaho amiorangi me te rererangi
- Ngā pūnaha pūihi whāngai-ngaru
E whakaatu nui ana te tohutoro taketake i te whakatere radar me ngā rarangi whāngai-ngaru hei tono pūihi mokamoka noa.
Mō ngā pūnaha ngaruiti aronga-teitei, ka whakaratohia e ngā rarangi arataki ngaru kōhao he huinga whai hua ote āhua papatahi, te whāngai arataki ngaru, ngā tauira irahiko whakahaeretia, me te tauine o te rarangi.
Whakamutunga
Ka hurihia e te pūihi mokowā te pūngao hikohiko hei irahiko ātea-kore mā roto i tētahi kōhao i hangaia i roto i tētahi mata kawe hiko.
Ahakoa he māmā noa iho te āhua taketake, ko te whanonga aukume o te mokowā e whakawhirinaki ana ki ōna rahi, te aronga, te whakaohooho, me te hanganga e karapoti ana.
Mā te mātāpono a Babinet ka whakaratohia he hononga ariā whai hua i waenga i ngā pūihi mokowā me ngā hanganga dipole tautoko, hei āwhina i ngā kaihangarau ki te mārama ki ō rātou āhuatanga polarization me te irahiko.
I roto i te mahi hangarau ngaruiti, ka tino kaha te ariā mokowā ina honoa ki te hangarau arataki ngaru. Ka taea te whakauru i ngā mokowā maha ki rotongā rarangi pūihi arataki ngaru kōhao, e āhei ai te whakanui ake i te kaha, te whānui o te hihi e whakahaeretia ana, me ngā hoahoa pūihi papatahi kiato mō ngā pūnaha radar, whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ine, me te pūoko.
Wā tuku: 28 o Ākuhata-2026
