He aha te Pūihi Porowhita?
Ka hangaia he pūihi porowhita mā te whakarite i tētahi, i ētahi rānei o ngā wāhanga kawe hiko ki roto i tētahi ara kati, me te whāngai i te hanganga ki tētahi tohu RF. Ka taea te porowhita, te tapawhā, te tapawhā hāngai, te tapatoru, te porowhita rānei te porowhita, te hoahoa rānei i tētahi atu āhua hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ā-pūkaha me te hiko motuhake.
Whakautu tere:Ka whakamahia e te pūihi porowhita he ara kawe hiko kati hei tuku, hei whiwhi rānei i te pūngao RF. Ko ngā porowhita iti te āhua o te mahi a te hunga hiko rite tonu ki ngā rua aukume, ko ngā porowhita nui ia he koretake te tohatoha o te iahiko, ā, he nui ake te ātete i te irahiko.
He rerekē ki te tikanga tuku ihopūihi rua-pole, e hono ana ki tētahi huānga hiko-aukati, he rite tonu te mahi a tētahi porowhita iti-hiko ki tētahi dipole aukume. He hononga tata tōna mahi ki te wāhanga aukume-aukati o tētahi ngaru hikohiko, ā, he tino whai hua ngā pūihi porowhita ki ngā pūnaha whiwhi, kimi ahunga, kite papa tata, RFID, me te ine hikohiko.
Kāore ngā pūihi porowhita e herea ana ki te whānuitanga auau kotahi. Ko tōna auau mahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te porowhita porowhita e pā ana ki te roangaru, te maha o ngā hurihanga, ngā rahi o te ara iahiko, ngā wāhanga uta, te hanganga whāngai, me te taiao tāutanga e karapoti ana. Nō reira, ka kitea ngā hoahoa porowhita mai i ngā pūnaha whiwhi auau-iti ki ngā tono UHF me te ngaruiti.
Hanganga Taketake me te Mātāpono Whakahaere
Ina rere te iahiko RF huri noa i tētahi porowhita kawe hiko, ka puta he papa aukume e tata ana ki te papa o te porowhita. I te mahi whiwhi, ka puta he ngaohiko i ōna pito ina huri te papa aukume e haere ana i roto i te porowhita.
Ko te kaha o te tohu i whiwhihia e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi āhuatanga:
- Rohe porowhita
- Te maha o ngā takahuri
- Auautanga whakahaere
- Te aronga e pā ana ki te āpure e haere mai ana
- Ātete arataki
- Te whakatikatika me te whakataurite i te whatunga
- Te parepare me ngā hanganga whakarewa tata
Mō tētahi porowhita iti te hiko, ka taea te kī ko te rahi me te āhua o te iahiko he rite tonu te āhua huri noa i te kaiārahi. Ka iti haere te tika o tēnei whakatatanga i te pikinga ake o te porowhita. I roto i tētahi porowhita nui e orooro ana, ka rerekē te tohatoha o te iahiko huri noa i te hanganga, ā, ka puta he āhuatanga irahiko rerekē i ērā o tētahi porowhita aukume iti.
Ngā Pūihi Porowhita Iti
He iti ake te porowhita o te pūihi porowhita iti i te roangaru whakahaere. Ko tētahi whakatau tata hangarau e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
C ≤ 0.1λ
ko C te porowhita o te koropiko, ā, ko λ te roanga ngaru.
Nā te iti o te rahi hiko, he iti te ātete irahiko o te porowhita iti. Nō reira, ko te ngaronga o te ara iahiko he wāhanga nui pea o tōna ātete whakauru katoa, ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te irahiko ina whakamahia te pūihi mō te tuku.
He tino kaha te whakauru o ngā koropiko iti, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he pūnga whakahāngai, he whatunga taurite rānei. Ina whakahāngaitia ki te orooro, ka taea e rātou te whakarato i te aro ki te whiwhi, engari ko te kounga teitei o te oro ka hua ake he whānui o te mahi.
Kāore ēnei āhuatanga e waiho ana i ngā porowhita iti hei mea ngoikore hei pūihi. Engari, ka tino pai mō ngā tono kei reira te rahi kiato, te urupare aukume, te kore aronga, te whiriwhiringa whāiti rānei he mea nui ake i te whai huatanga o te irahiko teitei.
Ngā Pūihi Porowhita Nui
He porowhita nui, e kiia ana i ētahi wā he porowhita whakakorikori, kāore i te iti te porowhita hiko. Ko te hoahoa noa e whakamahi ana i te porowhita e tata ana ki te kotahi ngaru:
C ≈ λ
I tēnei wā, kāore te iahiko i te ōrite huri noa i te koropiko. Ka rerekē tōna kaha me tōna āhua i te taha o te ara iahiko, ka puta he tohatoha āpure matatini ake.
Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā koropiko iti te hiko, ko ngā koropiko whakakorikori te tikanga he nui ake te ātete i te hihi me te pai ake o te tuku. Ka taea te whakamahi hei pūihi tuku, hei pūihi whiwhi rānei, ahakoa ko tōna ātete, te porowhita me te tauira hihi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te porowhita, te āhua, te tūranga whāngai me te taiao tāutanga.
He whirihoranga noa ngā koropiko porowhita me ngā koropiko tapawhā-ngaru-katoa. He māmā ake te hanga me te whakamau i te koropiko tapawhā, engari he maeneene, he ōrite hoki te āhua o te koropiko porowhita. Mēnā he rite te porowhita hiko o ngā mea e rua, ka rite pea te mahi whānui, ahakoa he rerekē te aukati me ngā āhuatanga tauira.
Pūihi Porowhita Iti me te Pūihi Porowhita Nui
Ko te rerekētanga nui ko te rahi hiko, kaua ko te āhua tūturu. Kei te ripanga i raro nei ngā whakarāpopototanga o ngā rerekētanga hangarau noa.
| Te āhuatanga hoahoa | Pūihi porowhita iti | Pūihi porowhita nui |
|---|---|---|
| Porowhita hiko | Kāore e nui ake i te 0.1λ i te nuinga o te wā | He maha ngā wā i hangaia kia tata ki te kotahi roangaru mō te auorotanga |
| Te tohatoha o nāianei | Tata rite te rahi me te āhua | Ka rerekē haere i te kaiārahi |
| Ātete irahiko | He iti, nō reira ka pā kino te ngaronga o te ara iahiko ki te whai huatanga | He teitei ake, ā, he pai ake mō te tuku |
| Te whakahāngai me te whakataurite | He tikanga whakapūngao, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakahāngaihia ki te pūnga | Ka whakawhirinaki ki te porowhita, te āhua me te tūnga whāngai |
| Tauira irahiko | Tauira aukume-rua me ngā korenga tuaka hohonu | He uaua ake, he kaha ake te whakawhirinaki ki te āhuahanga |
| Ngā tono noa | Te whiwhi, te kimi ahunga, te pūoko tata-papa me te RFID | Ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e whiwhi ana, e tuku ana hoki |
Pikitia 1. Ngā tauira o ngā whirihoranga pūihi porowhita me te pūihi porowhita.
Tauira Irahiko Pūihi Porowhita
He rite te tauira irahiko o tētahi porowhita iti te hiko ki tērā o tētahi pou aukume tino pai. He iti noa te irahiko i te tuaka poutū ki te papa porowhita, ā, he kaha rawa atu i ngā ahunga e tata ana ki roto i te papa porowhita.
I ngā taha e toru, he rite te tauira tino pai ki tētahi torus e karapoti ana i te tuaka koropiko. Ina whakairihia he koropiko iti ki runga poutū, ko tōna urupare papa-whakapae he āhua waru te nuinga, me ngā kore hohonu e rua e rite ana ki te papa koropiko.
He pai ēnei kore mō te kimi ahunga me te pehi i te pokanoa. Mā te hurihuri i te pūihi kia tae rā anō te tohu i whiwhi ki te taumata iti rawa, ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere te whakatau i te rārangi ahunga e anga atu ana, e matara atu ana rānei i te pūtake tohu.
Ko te ahunga o te urupare mōrahi, te hohonu kore me te pōraihana e whakawhirinaki ana ki te aronga o te koropiko, te whakaritenga whāngai, te teitei o te tāutanga, te āhua o te ara iahiko me ngā hanganga tata. Nō reira, kaua te pōraihana e whakaahuatia i runga i te wāhi o te pūwāhi whāngai anake.
Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō te whakapūtanga whakapae, poutū me te porowhita, tirohia tā mātou aratohu kite whakapolarisasi o te pūihi.
Pikitia 2. Ngā tauira irahiko whakaata o te pūihi porowhita i ngā koki teitei rerekē.
Whāngai, Whakatūnga me te Taurite Āraitanga
Ko te aukati tāuru o te pūihi porowhita e whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna rahi hiko.
Ko te tikanga, he iti te ātete irahiko e whakaatuhia ana e te porowhita iti. Ka taea te hono i tētahi pūnga taurangi, pūmau rānei hei hanga i tētahi ara iahiko whakakorikori i te auau e hiahiatia ana. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te hononga whakawhiti, te taurite gamma, te hononga capacitive, ngā ara iahiko whakakaha kaha rānei hei hono i te pūihi ki tētahi kaiwhiwhi, ki tētahi pūnaha RF 50-ohm rānei.
Mō ngā tono tuku, me āta whakaaroaro ki te ngaronga o te ara iahiko, te ngaronga o te pūnga me te kaha whakahaere iahiko. Tērā pea ka puta he iahiko nui i roto i te porowhita kua whakaritea ahakoa te āhua taurite o te mana whakauru.
He nui ake te ātete i te hihi o ngā koropiko whakakorikori nui, engari me tika tonu te whakanoho whāngai me te whakawhiti ārai. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he whāngai taurite, he pere rānei hei ārai i te taura whāngai kei uru ki te pūnaha hihi.
Te Āhua o te Porowhita me te Tau o ngā Hurihanga
Kāore e hiahiatia kia porowhita tino tika te pūihi porowhita. Ko ngā porowhita porowhita, tapawhā me te tapawhā hāngai ngā mea tino noa nā te mea he māmā noa te tatau me te hanga.
Mā te tāpiri i ngā takahuri maha ka whakanui ake i te ngaohiko whiwhi me te inductance i whakaohohia. Heoi anō, ka whakanui ake hoki i te ngaronga o te arataki hiko, te kaha tohatoha me ngā pānga o te haruru-whaiaro. Kāore e hua aunoa te mahi whānui pai ake i te maha o ngā takahuri.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā tokotoko ferite, ngā matua aukume rānei i roto i ngā pūihi whiwhi MF me AM kiato. Ka whakaemihia e te rauemi aukume te rerenga aukume mā roto i te takai, ka taea ai e tētahi hanganga iti te whakarato i te aro ki te whiwhi.
I ngā auau teitei ake, ka taea te hanga tika i ngā koropiko kua tāia, ngā koropiko moroiti me ngā hanganga koropiko whakauru ki runga i ngā papa ara iahiko mō te RFID, te pūoko ahokore, ngā pūwhakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā taputapu ine RF.
Ngā Painga o ngā Pūihi Porowhita
He maha ngā painga mahi a ngā pūihi porowhita:
- Hanganga miihini kiato
- He maha ngā āhua me ngā whakatakotoranga tāutanga ka taea
- Te aro nui ki te mara aukume
- Ngā korenga aronga hōhonu i roto i ngā hoahoa porowhita-iti
- He pai mō te kimi ahunga me te whakakore i te pokanoa
- Ngāwari te whakauru ki te whakahāngai me ngā ara iahiko hohe
- Ka taea te whakanekeneke mō ngā hoahoa LF, HF, VHF, UHF me te ngaruiti
Ngā Herenga Hoahoa
Ko ngā herenga nui ko:
- He iti te ātete ki te irahiko i roto i ngā hoahoa iti te hiko
- Te whakaiti i te pai o te tuku ina nui te ngaronga o te arataki
- Te whānui whāiti i roto i ngā koropiko kua whakarārangihia ki te Q teitei
- Te aro ki ngā mea whakarewa tata
- Te kaha o te au me te ngaohiko e rere ana
- Me āta whakataurite te ārai mate
- Te whakapōturitanga o te tauira i puta mai i ngā taura whāngai me ngā hanganga tāutanga
Ngā tono noa
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pūihi porowhita i roto i:
- Ngā kaiwhiwhi AM, MF, HF me ngā ngaru poto
- Ngā taputapu kimi ahunga reo irirangi
- RFID me ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tata-marae
- Ngā inenga o te mara aukume EMI me te EMC
- Te aroturuki i te whānuitanga me te whakamātautau kaha o te mara
- Ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-whakauru me te hiko ahokore
- Ngā papa tango kawe me ngā papa tango waka
- Ngā ara iahiko RF me ngā ara iahiko ngaruiti kua tāia
- Rangahau pūihi, whakatikatika me te ine
Mō te ine i te EMI me te kaha o te mara, he tino whai hua ngā pūihi porowhita kua whakatikatikaina ina me aromatawai te wāhanga mara-aukume o te taiao RF. I roto i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te aroturuki, ka taea e ō rātou kore aronga te āwhina ki te whakaiti i te pokanoa, te tautuhi rānei i te ahunga o tētahi tohu kāore i te mōhiotia.
Te Hiranga o te Hangarau
E whakaatu ana ngā pūihi porowhita i te pānga o te rahi hiko, te tohatoha iahiko, te hononga āpure-aukume me te taurite ārai i te mahi a te pūihi.
Ka taea e tētahi koropiko āhua rite te mahi hei pūihi whiwhi aukume kiato, hei pūoko oro whaiti, hei pūihi tuku ngaru-katoa, hei huānga hononga papa-tata rānei, i runga i tōna porowhita me te auau whakahaere.
Ka whakaratohia e te RF MISO ngā otinga mō ngā wāhanga pūihi me te ngaruiti mō te whakamātautau RF, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te radar,te ine i te pūihime te whakaurunga pūnaha. Mā te mārama ki ngā hanganga taketake pēnei i te pūihi porowhita ka āwhina i ngā kaihangarau ki te aromatawai i te whānuitanga auau, te whakanui, te whakapolarisasi, te aukati, te whānui o te irahiko, te whai huatanga o te irahiko me te urupare aronga i te wā e whiriwhiri ana, e whakawhanake ana rānei i tētahi pūnaha pūihi.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te whakamahinga o te pūihi porowhita?
Ka whakamahia ngā pūihi porowhita mō te whiwhi reo irirangi, te kimi ahunga, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero RFID me te papa tata, te ine EMI me te EMC, te pūoko ahokore, me ngā pūnaha tuku, whiwhi rānei ina hangaia te porowhita mō te auau me te taumata mana e hiahiatia ana.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te pūihi porowhita iti me te pūihi porowhita nui?
He iti rawa te porowhita o te porowhita iti i te roanga ngaru, nō reira he tata ōrite te iahiko, ā, he iti te ātete irahiko. He tata atu te porowhita o te porowhita nui ki te roanga ngaru kotahi, he kore-taurite te tohatoha iahiko, ā, he nui ake te ātete irahiko me te pai o te tuku.
He aha te tauira irahiko o te pūihi porowhita?
Ko te porowhita iti-hiko tino pai he iti rawa te irahiko i te tuaka poutū ki te papa porowhita, ā, ko te irahiko mōrahi i ngā ahunga i roto i te papa porowhita. Ina whakairihia poutū, ko tōna tauira papa whakapae he āhua waru te āhua me ngā kore ahunga hohonu e rua.
Me whai pūnga whakahāngai te pūihi porowhita?
Ko ngā koropiko iti o te hiko he mea whakapūmau i te nuinga o te wā, ā, me whai pūnga whakahāngai, whatunga taurite rānei hei whakaoho i te auau whakahaere. Tērā pea ka whakamahia he whakaritenga taurite rerekē mō tētahi koropiko whakaoho nui i runga i tōna porowhita, tōna āhua, tōna tūranga whāngai me te aukati ūnga.
Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō ngā antenna, tirohia:
Wā tuku: Hurae-31-2026
