Ariā Pūihi Waea Roa: Ngā Momo, Ngā Mātāpono Mahi me ngā Taupānga Whakamātautau RF

I roto i te ariā pūihi, ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te roa o te pūihi me te roangaru whakahaere tētahi o ngā mea tino nui e pā ana ki te mahi irahiko. He tauira noa te pūihi waea roa. Kāore i rite ki te dipole poto, ki te dipole haurua-ngaru rānei, he nui ake te roa ā-tinana o te pūihi waea roa i te kotahi te roangaru, he maha rānei ngā wāhanga haurua-ngaru e hangaia ana.

I roto i ngā kupu ngāwari, ka taea te whakaatu i te roa o te pūihi waea roa penei:

L = nx lambda / 2

I tēnei kīanga, ko L te roa o te pūihi, ko lambda te roangaru, ā, ko n te tohu mō te maha o ngā wāhanga haurua-roangaru. I te piki haere o te roa, ka piki haere te ahunga o te tauira hihi pūihi. Ko te tikanga tēnei ka taea e te pūihi waea roa te whakaemi i te kaha ake ki ētahi ahunga, kaua ki te hora rite tonu ki ngā ahunga katoa.

He aha te Hiranga o te Roa o te Pūihi

Ka pā tika te roa o te pūihi ki te tohatoha o te iahiko, te aukati, te whakanui me te tauira irahiko. Ina roa ake te pūihi, kāore te iahiko i te taha o te waea e rite ana ki te pūwhakamahana poto noa. Engari, ka whai wāhi ngā wāhanga rerekē o te waea ki te tauira irahiko whakamutunga. Nō reira, ka whakaputa pea te pūihi i ngā hihi whaiti ake, i ngā porowhita maha, ā, ka teitei ake te aronga.

Mō ngā kaihangarau e mahi ana ki te hoahoa pūihi RF, ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te ine pūihi rānei, he mea whai hua te mārama ki tēnei whanaungatanga. Ahakoa ka whakamahia pea e ngā hua pūihi ngaruiti hou ngā pūihi haona, ngā hanganga arataki ngaru, ngā pūihi papatahi, ngā pūihi whakaata rānei, he rite tonu te kaupapa matua: he hononga tata te roanga ngaru, te hanganga ā-tinana me te whanonga irahiko.

Ngā Momo Matua e Rua o ngā Antenna Waea Roa

E rua ngā wāhanga e kōrerohia ana mō ngā pūihi waea roa: ngā pūihi haruru me ngā pūihi kore-haruru.

Ka mahi te pūihi waea roa e haruru ana i te auau e hangaia ai ngā ngaru tū i te taha o te kaiārahi. I tēnei wā, he hononga tata te roa o te pūihi ki te auau whakahaere. Ka haere te pūngao i te taha o te pūihi, ā, ka whakaatahia pea tētahi wāhanga o taua pūngao, ka hangaia he tauira ngaru tū. Nā tēnei whanonga, he maha ngā wā ka kiia he hanganga ā-wā ngā pūihi waea roa e haruru ana, ā, ka whakaatu pea i ngā āhuatanga irahiko e rua ngā ahunga.

Ko te pūihi waea roa kāore e orooro ana, he mea hanga hei whakaiti i te whakaata me te tautoko i te whanonga ngaru haere. He maha ngā wā ka mutu te pūihi me te kawenga e tika ana kia haere te ngaru i te taha kotahi. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i ngā ngaru tū, ā, ka taea te whakahaere ake i te irahiko o te pūihi. I roto i tēnei momo pūihi, he mea tino nui te taurite i te aukati nā te mea ka pā ki te pai o te tuku me te irahiko o te mana.

Tauira me te Arotahitanga o te Irahiko

Ko tētahi āhuatanga nui o te pūihi waea roa ko tōna aronga tika. I te roa haere o te waea, ka taea e te pūihi te whakaputa i te irahiko kaha ake i ngā ahunga kua tohua. Heoi, ehara i te mea ka māmā ake te hoahoa. Ka taea hoki e te waea roa ake te whakaputa i ngā taha maha, me whai whakaaro ki tēnei i roto i te hoahoa pūnaha me te whakamātautau pūihi.

Mō ngā mahi RF whaihua, me arotake e ngā kaihangarau te tauira irahiko pūihi, te whakanui, te pōraritanga me ngā āhuatanga ārai. Mā ēnei tawhā ka taea te whakatau mēnā he pai te pūihi mō ngā hononga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā pūnaha whakamātautau, ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga, me ētahi atu taiao RF.

Hononga ki te RF me te Whakamātautau Ngaruiti

Ahakoa he maha ngā wā ka whakaurua ngā pūihi waea roa hei kaupapa matua mō te ariā pūihi, he mea nui anō hoki ngā ariā kei muri i a rātou i roto i te hangarau RF me te ngaruiti. I roto i ngā whakamātautau pūihi ngaio, he maha ngā wā ka whakatauritea e ngā kaihangarau ngā momo pūihi rerekē mā te ine i te whakanui, te VSWR, te aronga, te pōraritanga me te tauira irahiko.

Ka whakawhanakehia, ka hangaia hoki e RF MISO ngā pūihi me ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō ngā tono arumoni, whakamātautau me ngā tono pūnaha whakamātautau. Ko ngā hua pēnei i ngā pūihi haona, ngā whakamātautau arataki ngaru, ngā pūihi whakaata, ngā pūihi papatahi me ngā wāhanga ngaruiti e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te ine pūihi, te whakamātautau RF me te rangahau pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Mā te mārama ki te ariā pūihi taketake ka āwhina i ngā kaihangarau ki te whiriwhiri i ngā pūihi e tika ana me te hanga pūnaha whakamātautau pono ake.

Hei tauira, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi pūihi whakamātautau, me whai whakaaro pea ngā kaihangarau ki:

- Awhe auau whakahaere
- Te whiwhinga me te aronga tika
- Te whakapolarisasi
- VSWR me te taurite aukati
- Te pumau o te tauira irahiko
- Ngā āhuatanga hanganga me te tāutanga ā-mīhini
- Hototahi ki ngā pūnaha ine

Kāore ēnei āhuatanga e herea noa ki ngā pūihi waea roa. He mea nui anō hoki ēnei mō ngā pūihi haona ngaruiti, ngā pūihi arataki ngaru me ētahi atu hua pūihi RF ngaio.

Ngā Taupānga me te Uara Hangarau

He mea whai hua te ariā o te pūihi waea roa mō te mārama ki te irahiko aronga, te hoahoa e pā ana ki te roangaru me te whanonga ngaru haere. I roto i ngā mahi hangarau tūturu, ka puta ngā mātāpono rite i roto i te maha o ngā hanganga pūihi, tae atu ki ngā pūihi V, ngā pūihi rhombic, ngā pūihi log-periodic me ētahi atu pūnaha pūihi aronga.

Mō ngā tono RF me te ngaruiti hou, me manatoko te mahi a te pūihi mā te ine tika. Kaua te pūihi kua hoahoatia pai e tutuki noa i ngā whakaritenga ariā engari me mahi pono hoki i roto i te taiao mahi tūturu. Koia te take he wāhanga nui te ine pūihi me te whakamātautau RF o te whanaketanga hua me te whakaurunga pūnaha.

Whakamutunga

He ariā nui te pūihi waea roa i roto i te ariā pūihi. Ko tōna roa, te roangaru, te āhua orooro me te tikanga whakamutu ka pā ki te tauira irahiko me te aronga. Mā te mārama ki te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā pūihi waea roa orooro me ngā pūihi waea kore-orooro, ka taea e ngā kaihangarau te mārama ake ki te pānga o te hanganga pūihi ki te mahi RF.

Mō ngā kiritaki e mahi ana i te ine pūihi, te whakamātautau ngaruiti, ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te rangahau taiwhanga rānei, ka whakaratohia e RF MISO ngā hua pūihi me te tautoko hangarau mō te whānuitanga o ngā tono RF me te ngaruiti. Whakapā atu ki a RF MISO ki te matapaki i tō awhe auau e hiahiatia ana, te momo pūihi me ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau.