Ko ngā pūihi haona kei roto i ngā pūihi aronga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hangarau ngaruiti me te mirimita-ngaru. Nā te hanganga miihini māmā, ngā āhuatanga irahiko e taea te matapae, te whakaata iti, me te kaha ki te whakatutuki i te whakanui waenga ki te teitei, ka whai hua ai rātou i roto i te ine pūihi, te whakamātautau EMC, te radar, ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā pūnaha whāngai, me ngā taiwhanga RF.
Ko te pūihi haona ka taea te kī hearataki ngaru me te kōhao e puare haere anaEngari i te tuku i ngā ngaru hikohiko kia tūtaki ki tētahi whakawhiti ohorere mai i te arataki ngaru ki te wāhi wātea, ka whakaratohia e te wāhanga whānui he panonitanga āta haere. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakapai ake i te taurite aukati, ā, ka tukuna atu te nui o te pūngao hikohiko ki roto i tētahi hihi irahiko e whakahaeretia ana.
I runga i te āhua o te arataki ngaru me te ahunga e whakawhanuitia ana te kōhao, ka taea te hoahoa i ngā pūihi haona i roto i ngā āhua maha, tae atu kingā haona ā-rōpū, ngā haona pīramiti, me ngā haona kōnikoE whakamahia ana e te tuhinga tohutoro taketake ēnei whirihoranga e toru hei kupu whakataki matua ki ngā hanganga pūihi haona.
1. He pēhea te mahi a te pūihi haona?
Ka herea e te arataki ngaru te pūngao hikohiko i roto i tētahi hanganga kawe hiko. Ina tae te ngaru arataki ki tētahi pito tuwhera, ka whiti tētahi wāhanga o te pūngao ki te wāhi kore utu, engari ka whakaatahia pea tētahi wāhanga nā te whakawhiti i waenga i te arataki ngaru me ngā ārai wāhi kore utu.
Ka whakaitihia e te pūihi haona te ohorere o tēnei whakawhiti mā te whakanui haere i te wāhanga whakawhiti o te arataki ngaru ki te kōhao.
I te horapa o te ngaru hikohiko mā roto i te wāhanga kua whārikihia, ka whānui te mara ki runga i tētahi kōhao nui ake. Kātahi ka whiti te kōhao ki te wāhi wātea, ka puta he hihi ahunga.
Nō reira, e rua ngā mahi nui a te mura:
- Mā tēnei ka maeneene ake te whakawhiti i waenga i te arataki ngaru me te wāhi wātea.
- Ka whakanui ake i te kōhao hihi whai hua, ka nui ake te aronga me te whakanui.
He mea nui kia mōhiotia he mahi tā te haonakāore e whakakorea katoatia ngā whakaata, ngā ngaru tū rāneiEngari, ka taea e te haona i hangaia tika te whakaiti i te whakaata me te whakarato i te taurite pai o te aukati, e whakaatahia ana i roto i te VSWR iti.
Pikitia 1. He pūihi haona noa me te kōhao arataki ngaru e piki haere ana.
2. Auautanga Whakahaere o ngā Pūihi Pū
Kāore he awhe auau kotahi o ngā pūihi haona.
Ko te auau o tā rātou mahi ka tino whakatauhia e tengā inenga o te arataki ngaru, te aratau arataki ngaru, te āhua o te pūaha, te hanganga whāngai, me te whānui o te whānui e hiahiatia ana.
He mea tino noa ngā pūihi haona tuku iho i ngā auau ngaruiti me ngā auau ngaru-mirimita nā te mea ka whai hua ngā āhuatanga o te arataki ngaru i te mea ka heke te roanga ngaru. Heoi, ka taea hoki e ngā hanganga haona whānui kua hangaia mō te mahi i ngā auau iti iho, i te mea ka taea e ngā haona arataki ngaru tino tika te toro atu ki ngā roopu ngaru-mirimita me ngā roopu ngaru-iti-THz.
Hei tauira, ka kitea ngā hoahoa pūihi haona mai i te awhe rau-megahertz ki runga ake i te 100 GHz. Kei te tuku a RF MISO i ngā whirihoranga haona whānui e mahi ana mai i300–750 MHz, me ngā pūihi haona kōniko e hipoki ana220–325 GHz, e whakaatu ana i te whānui o te whānuitanga auau mahi o tēnei whānau pūihi.
3. Ngā Momo Matua o ngā Pūihi Pū
3.1 Pūnaha Pūoro ā-Rohe
Ka puta he haona ā-rohe ina wharikitia he arai ngaru tapawhā hāngai ki te papa kotahi anake.
Mena ka whakawhanuitia te arataki ngaru i roto i teE-waka rererangi, ka kiia te hanganga heTe haona ā-wāhanga E-papa. Mena ka puta te whānui i roto i tePapa-H, e kiia ana heTe haona ā-wāhanga H-papa.
Nā te mea ka piki ake te rahi o te kōhao i te kotahi papa anake, ka kitea ake te āhua o te kurupae i taua papa e rite ana.
3.2 Pūihi Haona Piramiti
Ka hangaia he haona piramiti ina wharikihia he arai ngaru tapawhā rite ki te E me te H.
Ko te hanganga hua he rite ki tētahi piramiti kua porotitia, ā, ka whānui ake te whakatuwheratanga i ngā taha e rua.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā haona pyramidal heingā pūoro whakanui paerewa me ngā pūihi tohutoronā te mea ka taea te tautuhi tika i ō rātou tauira whakanui me te irahiko.
Hei tauira, ka tukuna e te RF MISO ngā pūihi haona whakanui paerewa puta noa i ngā roopu ngaruiti me ngā ngaru mirimita maha. Kei roto i tana whānau haona whakanui paerewa WR10 ngā tauira e whakahaerehia ana mai i75 ki te 110 GHz, me ngā āhuatanga kua tohua mō te whakanui, te VSWR, te pōraritanga me te whānui o te hihi.
3.3 Pūihi Pūoro Koniko
Ko te tikanga, ka hangaia he haona koeko mā te whakawhanui haere i tētahi arataki ngaru porohita ki tētahi kōhao porohita.
He rerekē te haona piramiti, e ahu mai ana i tētahi arataki ngaru tapawhā, he āhua ōrite te āhua o te haona koeko.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pūihi haona kōniko i roto i ngā mahi ngaruiti, ngaru-mirimita, whāngai me te ine. I runga i te hanganga whāngai me te whatunga pōraihana, ka taea hoki e rātou te tautoko i ngā whirihoranga pōraihana motuhake ake.
Pikitia 2. Ngā whirihoranga pūihi haona noa: Ngā haona porowhita-E, ngā haona porowhita-H, ngā haona piramita me ngā haona kōniko.
4. Koki mura, Rahi Pūaha me te Roa o te Haona
He pānga tika tā te āhua o te tetere ki tōna mahi aukume.
E toru ngā tawhā hoahoa nui:
te koki mura, te rahi o te pūaha, me te roa o te haona.
Ko te tikanga, ka taea e te kōhao nui ake te whakarato i te ahunga teitei ake me te hihi whaiti ake, engari ko te whakanui noa i te koki mura kāore e hua aunoa i te mahi pai ake.
Mena he poto rawa te pū mō te rahi o te pūaha kua whakaritea, ka puta pea he rerekētanga āhua nui puta noa i te pūaha. Ka whakaitihia te whai huatanga o te pūaha, ā, ka taea te whakaheke i te tauira irahiko.
I tetahi atu taha, mā te whakaroa rawa i te haona ka nui ake te rahi me te taumaha o te miihini, engari kāore e hua ake he whakapainga ōrite o te mahi.
Nō reira, ko te hoahoa o ngā haona me whai taurite:
- Rahi o te whakatuwheratanga
- Koki mura
- Roa
- Hapa wāhanga
- Whiwhi
- Whānuitanga o te hihi
- Ngā āhuatanga ā-mīhini
5. Tauira Irahiko me ngā Āhuatanga Hiko
Ko ngā pūihi haona he pūwhakamahana aronga te tikanga.
Ka kukū te pūngao hikohiko ki mua mā te kōhao, ka puta he hihi matua kua tautuhia mārama me ngā taha taha.
E rua ngā tapahi tauira irahiko he mea tino nui:
- Tauira irahiko E-papa
- Tauira irahiko H-papa
Te3 dB whānui o te hihie whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakaahua i te whānui koki o te hihi matua i waenganui i ngā pūwāhi e rua ina heke te mana i whakapūatatia ki te 3 dB i raro i tōna uara mōrahi.
I te nuinga o te wā, mā te whakanui ake i te kōhao whai hua e pā ana ki te roanga ngaru ka nui ake te aronga, ā, ka whakawhāitihia te hihi.
Ka kitea hoki tēnei whanaungatanga i roto i ngā pūihi haona mirimita-ngaru mahi. Hei tauira, ko ngā haona whakanui paerewa 75–110 GHz a te RF MISO e tohu ana i ngā āhuatanga whānui hihi E-papa me H-papa me ngā raraunga whakanui me te VSWR.
Pikitia 3. Whakaahua o te whānui o te ngaru hikohiko me te irahiko mā roto i te kōhao haona.
6. Ngā Painga o ngā Pūihi Pūoro
He maha ngā painga o ngā pūihi haona mō ngā pūnaha RF me ngā pūnaha ngaruiti:
Te ahunga pai
Ka kukū te irahiko ki te ahunga whakamua e te kōhao nui.
Ngā āhuatanga irahiko e taea te matapae
Ka taea e ngā pūihi haona kua hoahoa pai te whakarato i ngā tauira papa-E me papa-H e pumau ana, e tautuhia ana hoki.
He pai te taurite o te aukati
Mā te nekehanga āta mai i te arataki ngaru ki te wāhi wātea ka whakaiti i te whakaata me te tautoko i te VSWR iti.
Te pikinga waenga ki te teitei
Ka taea te hoahoa i ngā rahi o ngā kōhao me ngā roa o ngā haona rerekē hei whakarato i ngā taumata whakanui rerekē.
Hanganga tino māmā
Ki te whakaritea ki ngā hoahoa pūihi whakanui-teitei matatini maha, he māmā noa iho, he pakari hoki ngā haona tuku iho.
He pai mō te ine auau teitei
Nā te hoahoa e hangai ana ki te arataki ngaru, he mea tino whai hua ngā pūihi haona i roto i ngā pūnaha ine ngaruiti me te ngaru mirimita.
7. Ngā Whakaaro me ngā Here o te Hoahoa
He maha ngā taupatupatu hangarau e pā ana ki ngā pūihi haona.
Ko te whakanui ake i te whakanui hiko e hiahiatia ana he kōhao hiko nui ake, ka nui ake pea te rahi o te pūihi.
Me āta whakahaere hoki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te rahi o te pūaha, te roa o te haona me te koki mura kia mau tonu te tohatoha āhua e tika ana puta noa i te pūaha.
I ngā auau tino tiketike, ka nui haere te hiranga o te tika o te miihini, te kounga o te mata, ngā ine o te arataki ngaru me te whakaritenga o ngā flange nā te mea ahakoa he iti noa ngā hapa miihini ka taea te tohu i tētahi wāhanga nui o te roanga ngaru.
Nō reira, me arotake e ngā kaihangarau ehara i te mea ko te whānuitanga o te whakanui me te auau anake, engari ko:
VSWR, pōraritanga, mahi pōraritanga whakawhiti, whānui hihi, taumata taha, atanga RF, whakahaere mana me te manawanui ā-mīhini.
8. Ngā Whakamahinga o ngā Pūihi Pū
Nā te ahunga o te hihi, ngā āhuatanga pumau, me te hototahi ki ngā pūnaha arataki ngaru, e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pūihi haona i roto i:
- Te ine i te whakanui i te pūihi
- Te ine i te tauira irahiko
- Te whakamātautau EMC me te EMI
- Ngā pūnaha radar
- Te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ngaruiti me te ngaru mirimita
- Whakamātautau pūihi amiorangi
- Te kimi huarahi me te aroturuki
- Te ine i te rūma anechoic
- Ngā whāngai pūihi whakaata
- Ngā pūnaha rangahau me te taiwhanga RF
- Ngā tono antenna whakatikatika me te tohutoro
Ka taea hoki e ngā hoahoa pūoro whānui te whakarato i te whānui o te whānui o te whānui o te mahi mō ngā pūnaha ine me te aroturuki. Hei tauira, ko ngā pūihi pūoro whānui 18–40 GHz a RF MISO kua tohua mō ngā tono tae atu ki te whakamātautau ngaruiti, te ine pūihi, te whakamātautau pūihi amiorangi, te kimi ahunga, te tirotiro me ngā inenga e pā ana ki te EMC.
Whakamutunga
Ka hurihia e te pūihi haona he ngaru hikohiko ārahi hei irahiko ātea-kore aronga mā roto i tētahi kōhao arataki ngaru e whānui haere ana.
Ko tōna huinga ote taurite pai o te aukati, te irahiko aronga, ngā āhuatanga hihi e taea te matapae, te whakanui whai hua me te hanganga ngāwari noa ihokua waiho te pū te haona hei tetahi o ngā hanganga pūihi tino nui i roto i te hangarau ngaruiti me te ngaru mirimita.
Mai i ngā haona ā-rōpū me ngā haona piramiti ki ngā hoahoa koeko me te whānui, ka taea te arotau i ngā hanganga rerekē mō ngā awhe auau motuhake, ngā whakaritenga pōraritanga, ngā taumata whakanui me ngā taiao ine.
Mō ngā kaihangarau e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi pūihi haona, ko te whānuitanga auau te tīmatanga noa iho. Me aromatawai te whakanui, te VSWR, te whānui o te hihi, te pōraritanga, te atanga arataki ngaru, te atanga coaxial rānei, te whakahaere mana me ngā āhuatanga miihini katoa kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te pūnaha RF katoa.
Wā tuku: 21 o Ākuhata-2026
