He aha te Pūihi Helical?
Ko te pūihi porowhita, e mōhiotia ana ko te pūihi porowhita, he pūihi waea i hangaia mā te takai i tētahi waea, i tētahi ngongo rānei hei arataki hiko ki roto i tētahi porowhita toru-ahu. Ko tētahi pito o te porowhita ka honoa ki te arataki waenga o te raina whāngai, ko te arataki o waho ka honoa ki tētahi papa whenua whakarewa, ki tētahi whakaata rānei.
Mā tōna āhua motuhake ka taea e te pūihi te mahi i roto i ngā momo irahiko rerekē i runga i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā āhuatanga o te porowhita me te roanga ngaru whakahaere.
I roto i ēnei momo, ko tearatau tuakaHe mea tino nui tēnei i roto i te hangarau RF me te ngaruiti nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakarato i te hihi aronga, te whānui o te whānui, me te porowhita porowhita. Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka whai hua ngā pūihi porowhita i roto i ngā hononga amiorangi, te telemetry, te aroturuki, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ātea, te whetūrangi reo irirangi, me ētahi atu tono ka rerekē pea te aronga o te pūihi.
Kāore te auau mahi o te pūihi porowhita e herea ana ki te roopu pumau kotahi. Engari, ko tōna rahinga ā-tinana e pā ana ki te roanga ngaru te mea matua e whakatauhia ana. Nō reira, ka taea te hoahoa i ngā hanganga porowhita mō ngā pūnaha VHF me te UHF tae atu ki ngā tono RF me te ngaruiti auau teitei ake.
Pikitia 1. Tauira o ngā pūihi porowhita e whakamahia ana i roto i tētahi pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahunga.
Hanganga Taketake o te Pūihi Porowhita
E whā ngā wāhanga matua o tētahi pūihi porowhita noa:
- Kaiārahi porowhita
- Papa whenua, whakaata rānei
- Pūwāhi whāngai RF
- Hanganga tautoko ā-mīhini
Ko te porowhita he mea hanga noa mai i te waea parahi, i te ngongo, i tētahi atu rauemi kawe hiko rānei. Ka honoa tetahi pito ki te kawe hiko waenga o te raina tuku hiko coaxial, ko te kawe hiko coaxial o waho ka honoa hiko ki te papa whenua.
Ka āwhina te papa whenua ki te whakahaere i te ahunga o te hihi, ā, ka mahi hei wāhanga o te hanganga whāngai pūihi. I roto i ngā hoahoa mahi, ka taea e ōna rahi te awe nui i te aukati, te mahi a mua-ki-muri, me te tauira hihi ka puta.
He maha ngā tawhā āhuahanga e whakatau ana i te whanonga hiko o te pūihi:
- D — Te whānui o te porowhita
- C — Porowhita o te kotahi hurihanga
- S — Te mokowā i waenga i ngā kokonga tata
- N — Te maha o ngā takahuri
- α — Koki piko
- L — Te roanga tuaka katoa
Ko te porowhita ko:
[C=\pi D]
Ka taea te whakaatu i te koki o te papa penei:
[\alpha=\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{S}{\pi D}\right)]
Kāore e taea te whakaaro motuhake ki ēnei tawhā nā te mea ka whakarerekē te whakarerekētanga o tētahi taha i te aukati, te pōraritanga, te whānui o te hihi, te whakanui, me te auau whakahaere o te pūihi.
Pikitia 2. Hanganga pūihi porowhita noa me te arataki porowhita me te whakaata papa-whenua.
Ngā Aratau Irahiko Matua e Rua
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino whakamere o te pūihi porowhita ko te kaha o te hanganga taketake kotahi ki te whakaputa i ngā tauira irahiko tino rerekē i runga i tōna rahi hiko.
Ko ngā momo mahi e rua e kōrerohia whānuitia ana ko:
- Aratau noa
- Aratau tuaka
He mea nui kia mārama ki te rerekētanga i waenga i ēnei momo e rua i te wā e whiriwhiri ana, e hoahoa ana rānei i tētahi pūihi porowhita.
Pūihi Porowhita Aratau-Noa
In aratau noa, he iti te hiko o te whānui me te tawhiti o te porowhita ki te whakataurite ki te roanga ngaru.
Ko te nuinga o te wā, ka anga te irahiko ki te tuaka porowhita, kaua ki te taha o taua tuaka. Ka taea te mārama ki te whanonga hikohiko hei huinga o ngā mara e puta mai ana i tētahi pou hiko poto me tētahi porowhita iti.
I runga i te āhua o te porowhita, te koki o te papa, te whakaritenga whāngai, me te ahunga tirotiro, ko te pōraritanga ka puta he rārangi, he porowhita, he tata rānei ki te porowhita i ētahi hoahoa.
He iti noa iho ngā porowhita aratau noa, engari he iti noa te ātete i te hihi i te nuinga o te wā nā te iti o te rahi hiko. Ka iti ake te whai huatanga o te hihi me te whaiti ake o te whānui i te hoahoa aratau tuaka.
Nō reira, he mea whai hua ēnei ina he herenga nui te rahi o te pūihi, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he whakanuinga teitei rawa.
Pikitia 3. Tauira irahiko whakaata o tētahi pūihi porowhita aratau-noa.
Pūihi Āwhata Aratau-Tua
Tearatau tuaka, e kiia ana i ētahi wā ko te aratau mutunga-ahi, ko te whirihoranga e pā nui ana ki ngā pūihi porowhita mahi-teitei.
I tēnei aratau, ka tukuna te pūngao hikohiko i te tuaka o te helix, ka hanga he hihi ahunga.
Ko te hoahoa aratau-tuaka noa e whakamahi ana i te porowhita helix e rite ana ki te roanga ngaru kotahi:
[C \approx \lambda]
Ko te tawhiti o te tahuritanga he maha tonu ngā wā:
[S \approx 0.2\lambda \text{ ki } 0.3\lambda]
ko te roanga ngaru tata ki te hauwhā te tīmatanga noa.
Mō ngā hoahoa aratau-tuaka tuku iho maha, he maha ngā koki piko e whakamahia ana i te 12°–14°.
I raro i ngā āhuatanga ā-ira e tika ana, ka honoa ngā āpure i hangaia e ngā hurihanga whai muri i te taha o te tuaka porowhita. Ka puta he hihi ahunga me te porowhita porowhita, tata porowhita rānei.
Ka pā anō hoki te maha o ngā tahuritanga ki te mahi a te pūihi. Mā te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā tahuritanga ka taea te whakanui ake i te aronga me te whakanui i te hihi matua, ahakoa me whai whakaaro anō hoki ngā hoahoa mahi ki te roa ā-pūkaha, te ngaronga o te ara iahiko, te taurite ārai, me ngā here tāutanga.
Pikitia 4. Tauira whakaata irahiko pūihi porowhita aratau-tuaka me te hihi matua ahunga.
Te Whakapōrotanga Porowhita o te Ringa Matau me te Ringa Mauī
Ko tētahi o ngā painga nui o te pūihi porowhita aratau-tuaka ko tōna kaha tūturu ki te whakaputa i te porowhita porowhita.
I runga i te ahunga takai me te ahunga irahiko, ka taea te hoahoa i tētahi porowhita hei whakaputa i ēnei:
- RHCP — Te Whakapōrotanga Porowhita Matau
- LHCP — Te Whakapūtanga Porowhita Mauī
He tino whai hua te porowhita porowhita ina kore e taea te noho pumau te takotoranga whanaunga i waenga i te pūihi tuku me te pūihi whiwhi.
Hei tauira, ka rerekē tonu te aronga o ngā amiorangi, ngā waka mokowhiti, ngā papa rererangi, ngā pūnaha hurihuri, me ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pūkoro. Ka taea e te pūihi porowhita te whakaiti i te aro o te hononga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki tēnei rerekētanga koki.
He mea nui tonu te whakataurite i te pōraihana. Ko te mea pai ko te hono atu o te pūihi RHCP ki te pūihi RHCP, engari ko te pūihi LHCP me hono atu ki te pūihi LHCP. Ka taea e ngā pōraihana porowhita rerekē te hua ake he ngaronga pōraihana nui.
Mō te aromatawai hangarau,ōwehenga tuakae whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakaahua i te kounga porowhita-polarization. Ko te ōwehenga tuaka o te ngaru porowhita-polarization pai rawa atu he 0 dB, ko ngā pūihi porowhita-polarization mahi ka arotakehia i runga i te whakaritenga ōwehenga tuaka-polarization kua tohua puta noa i te auau me te whānuitanga koki e hiahiatia ana.
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Mahi a te Pūihi Helical
He hononga tata te whanonga o te pūihi porowhita ki tōna āhuahanga.
Ko ngā tawhā hoahoa nui ko:
Porowhita Hīkoi
He mea nui te whanaungatanga i waenga i te porowhita me te roanga ngaru ki te whakatau mena kei te aratau noa, kei te aratau tuaka rānei te pūihi.
Te Wāhi Huri
Ka pā te mokowā ki te whanaungatanga ā-wāhanga i waenga i ngā iahiko i ngā tahuritanga tata, ā, ka pā ki te ahunga o te hihi, te aukati, me te pōraihana.
Koki o te Papa
Ko te koki piko e whakaahua ana i te tere o te nekehanga o te porowhita i tōna tuaka. He tawhā nui tēnei hei pupuri i te whanonga aratau-tuaka pumau.
Te maha o ngā Huringa
Ko te nuinga o ngā tahuritanga ka nui ake te pūaha hiko, ā, ka nui ake te aronga, engari ka roa ake hoki te pūihi me te uaua o ngā mahi ā-ringa.
Papa Whenua
Ka pāngia te tauira ira whakamua, te aukati, me te ira whakamuri e te rahi me te āhua o te whakaata.
Te Taurite Whāngai me te Āraitanga
Ahakoa he tika ngā inenga porowhita, ka taea e te taurite ārai ngoikore te whakanui ake i te mana whakaata me te whakaiti i te mahi a te pūihi kua tutuki. Nō reira, me aromatawai ngā hoahoa mahi i te ngaronga whakahoki, te VSWR rānei me ngā āhuatanga irahiko.
Tauira me te Whiwhinga Irahiko
I te aratau tuaka, ka hangaia e te pūihi porowhita he hihi matua e anga ana ki te tuaka porowhita.
I te piki haere o te roa hiko me te maha o ngā tahuritanga, ka whaiti haere te hihi matua, ka piki ake hoki te aronga o te pūihi. Tērā pea ka puta mai ngā taha taha, inā koa i roto i ngā hanganga roa ake, kāore rānei i te tino arotauhia.
Nō reira, kaua te pūihi e aromatawaihia mā te whakanui anake. He maha ngā āhuatanga e whakaarohia ngātahitia ana e ngā kaihangarau:
- Whiwhi
- Te hua kua tutuki
- Whānui hihi haurua-mana
- Ōwehenga tuaka
- VSWR, te ngaronga whakahoki rānei
- ōwehenga mua-ki-muri
- Taumata taha-rākau
- Te parakore o te whakapolarization
- Te whai huatanga o te irahiko
Mā tēnei huinga o ngā tawhā ka nui ake te māramatanga o te mahi a te pūihi i tō te uara whakanui kotahi.
Ngā Painga o ngā Antennas Helical
He maha ngā painga hangarau o ngā pūihi porowhita:
- Hanganga mīhini tino māmā
- Te āheinga porowhita-polarization taiao i te aratau tuaka
- Te whānui o te whakahaere whai hua
- He pai te mahi aronga
- Āhuahanga tauine mō ngā awhe auau rerekē
- Te whakatinanatanga o te RHCP, te LHCP rānei ngāwari
- He pai mō ngā pūihi takitahi, mō ngā rarangi pūihi rānei
Ngā Herenga Hoahoa
He maha hoki ngā āhuatanga hei whakaaroaro:
- Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he roanga tinana nui mō ngā hoahoa aratau-tuaka
- Ko te whakanui ake i te whiwhinga he tikanga kia nui ake ngā tahuritanga, nō reira he roa ake te pūihi
- He tino whakawhirinaki te mahi ki te tika o te āhuahanga
- Ka pāngia ngā āhuatanga o te irahiko e ngā inenga papa whenua
- Me tika te hoahoa o te taurite whāngai
- Ka nui ake te hiranga o te tautoko ā-mīhini i ngā tatau hurihanga teitei ake
- Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga porowhita-polarization rerekē te whakaputa i te ngaronga ōritenga polarization teitei
Ngā tono noa
Ka kitea ngā pūihi porowhita i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā pūnaha RF, tae atu ki:
- Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi
- Te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te aroturuki i ngā waka mokowhiti
- Te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i te teihana whenua
- Te arorangi irirangi
- Ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rererangi me te rererangi
- Te ine waea RF
- Ngā hononga aronga VHF me UHF
- Te pūoko mamao
- Te ine me te rangahau i te pūihi
- Ngā whakamātautau porowhita-polarization
- Whakamātautau pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero
He aha te Hiranga o ngā Antenna Helical i roto i te Hangarau RF
He tauira pai rawa atu te pūihi porowhita o te āhua o te pūihi e whakahaere ana i te whanonga hikohiko.
Mā te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā pēnei i te porowhita, te mokowā, te koki o te nekehanga, me te maha o ngā tahuritanga, ka taea e ngā kaihangarau te neke mai i te pūihi whānui kiato ki tētahi pūihi porowhita kua whakaporotakahia te ahunga.
He mea nui anō hoki tēnei hononga i waenga i te āhua ā-tinana me te mahi hiko ina akohia ana ngā hangarau pūihi matatau ake pērā i ngā pūihi haona porowhita-polarized, ngā rarangi pūihi, ngā pūihi amiorangi, ngā pūihi ine whānui, me ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ngaruiti.
Ka whakawhanakehia e te RF MISO ngā pūihi me ngā wāhanga ngaruiti mō te whakamātautau RF, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te radar, te ine pūihi, me ngā tono whakauru pūnaha. Mā te mārama ki ngā hanganga pūihi taketake pērā i te pūihi porowhita ka āwhina i ngā kaihangarau ki te aromatawai pai ake i ngā tawhā nui tae atu ki te awhe auau, te whakanui, te polarization, te ōwehenga tuaka, te whānui hihi, te VSWR, me te tauira hihi.
Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō ngā antenna, tirohia:
Wā tuku: Akuhata-07-2026
