Ko te irahiko he kupu e whakaahua ana i te kaha o ngā ngaru hikohiko e tukuna ana, e whiwhihia ana rānei e te pūihi. I roto i ngā whakaahua katoa o te pūihi, ko te hoahoa e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga irahiko o te pūihi e mōhiotia ana ko tōna tauira irahiko. Mā te mātakitaki i te tauira irahiko, ka taea e te tangata te mārama ki te mahi me te aronga o te pūihi. Ko te mana e irahikohia ana e te pūihi ka pā ki ngā rohe tata me ngā rohe tawhiti.
I runga i te whakairoiro, ka taea te whakaatu i te irahiko hei pānga o te tūranga koki me te tawhiti radial o te pūihi. E whakaahua ana tēnei pānga pāngarau i ngā āhuatanga irahiko o te pūihi, e tohuhia ana e te mara hiko E(θ,ϕ) me te mara aukume H(θ,ϕ) i roto i ngā taunga porowhita.
Tauira Irahiko
Ko te pūngao e tukuna ana e te pūihi ka tohuhia e tōna tauira irahiko. Ko te tauira irahiko he whakaaturanga whakairoiro o te tohatoha o te pūngao irahikohia i te wāhi hei pānga o te ahunga. Kia titiro tātou ki ngā tauira noa o te irahiko pūngao.
E whakaatu ana te pikitia i runga ake nei i te tauira irahiko o te pūihi dipole. Ko te pūngao irahikohia e tohuhia ana e te tauira kua tuhia i runga i ngā ahunga motuhake, me ngā pere e tohu ana i te ahunga o te irahiko. Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā tauira irahiko hei tauira mara, hei tauira mana rānei.
•He pānga te tauira o te mara o ngā mara hiko me ngā mara aukume, ā, he mea tuhi i runga i te tauine logarithmic.
•Ko te tauira mana he pānga o te tapawhā o te rahi o te papa hiko me te papa aukume, ā, he mea tuhi i runga i te tauine logarithmic, arā, i roto i te dB.
Tauira Irahiko 3D
He kauwhata toru-ahu te tauira irahiko 3D kua tuhia ki roto i ngā taunga porowhita (r,θ,ϕ), ko tōna pūtake kei waenganui o te pūnaha taunga. Ka puta mai i te ahua i raro nei —
E whakaatu ana te ahua i tētahi tauira irahiko 3D o tētahi pūihi ahunga-katoa, e whakaatu mārama ana i ngā tuaka taunga e toru (x, y, z).
Tauira Irahiko 2D
Ka taea te whiwhi i tētahi tauira irahiko 2D mā te wehewehe i te tauira 3D ki ngā papa whakapae me ngā papa poutū. Ko ngā tauira e rua ka puta mai ka kiia ko te tauira papa whakapae me te tauira papa poutū.
E ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, e whakaatu ana te pikitia i te tauira irahiko o te pūihi omnidirectional i roto i te H-plane me te V-plane. Ko te H-plane te tauira whakapae, ko te V-plane te tauira poutū.
Te Hanganga o te Pūwero
I roto i te whakaaturanga o ngā tauira irahiko, he maha ngā āhua ka kitea, e tohu ana i ngā rohe irahiko nui me ngā rohe irahiko iti. Ka āwhina ēnei rohe ki te aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te irahiko o te pūihi. Mō tētahi māramatanga pai ake, tirohia te ahua i raro nei, e whakaatu ana i te tauira irahiko o te pūihi dipole.
I roto i te tauira irahiko, he nuinga te wā he pū matua, he pū taha, me te pū muri.
•Ko te wāhanga matua o te mara irairatia, e kapi ana i tētahi wāhi nui, ka kiia ko te pūmau matua, ko te hihi matua rānei. Koinei te wāhi e kukū ai te pūngao irairatia mōrahi, ā, ko tōna ahunga e tohu ana i te ahunga o te pūihi.
•Ko ngā wāhanga kē atu o te tauira irahiko e horahia ana ki te taha ka kiia ko ngā taha taha, ko ngā taha iti rānei. Koinei ngā rohe e maumauria ai te hiko.
•Hei tāpiritanga, kei reira tētahi pūkohu e anga atu ana ki te pūkohu matua, e mōhiotia ana ko te pūkohu o muri, he momo pūkohu taha anō hoki. He nui te kaha e moumouhia ana i konei.
Tauira
Mena ka puta he pūihi e whakamahia ana i roto i te pūnaha radar, ka tino uaua te aroturuki i ngā ūnga. Nā te mea ka whakauruhia mai e ēnei whāinga taha he ūnga teka. He tino uaua te wehewehe i ngā ūnga tūturu mai i ngā ūnga teka. Nō reira, hei whakapai ake i te mahi me te penapena pūngao, me pehi, me whakakore rānei i ēnei whāinga taha.
Te Whakaora i te Mahi
Me whakamahi te pūngao i whakamāumautia i tēnei ara. Mēnā ka taea te whakakore i ēnei pūngao iti, ā, ka taea te tuku anō i taua pūngao ki tētahi taha—arā, ki te pūngao matua—ka piki ake te aronga o te pūihi, ā, ka pai ake tana mahi.
Ngā Momo Tauira Irahiko
Ko ngā momo tauira irahiko e kitea whānuitia ana ko:
•Tauira Ā-Ahunga Katoa (e kiia ana hoki he tauira kore-ahunga): I te tirohanga 3D, ka puta tēnei tauira hei āhua tōnati, engari i te tirohanga 2D ka puta he tauira ahua-waru.
•Tauira Hikoi Pene: He koi te āhua o te hihi, he rite ki te pene ahunga.
•Tauira Hikoi Pā: Ka rite te āhua o te hihi ki te āhua pā.
•Tauira Kurupae Āhua: Ko te kurupae kore-taurite, kāore he tauira ōrite, ka kiia he tauira kurupae āhua.
Ko te pūwāhi tohutoro mō ēnei momo irahiko katoa ko te irahiko isotropic. Ahakoa kāore e taea te whakaatu ā-tinana i te irahiko isotropic, he tohutoro nui tonu.
Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō ngā antenna, tirohia:
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-10-2026
