Ko te whānuitanga whai hua o tētahipūihi ngaruitika whakawhirinaki ki tōna awhe auau, te whakanui, me te horopaki tono. Kei raro nei he wehewehenga hangarau mō ngā momo pūihi noa:
1. Te Hononga o te Auahatanga me te Awhe
- Pūihi E-roopu (60–90 GHz):
Ngā hononga poto te tawhiti, kaha teitei (1–3 km) mō te 5G backhaul me ngā whakawhitiwhitinga hōia. Ka eke te whakaiti hauātea ki te 10 dB/km nā te mimiti hāora. - Antenna Ka-band (26.5–40 GHz):
Ka eke ngā whakawhitiwhitinga amiorangi ki te 10–50 km (whenua-ki-LEO) me te pikinga 40+ dBi. Ka taea e te ua te whakaiti i te whānuitanga mā te 30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzPūnaha Pū:
Te whānuitanga waenga (5–20 km) mō te radar me te IoT, e whakataurite ana i te urunga me te tere raraunga.
2. Momo me te Mahi o te Pūihi
| Pūihi | Whiwhinga Noa | Awhe Mōrahi | Whakamahinga Take |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pūihi rua-kōnika | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (whakamātautau EMC) | Ngā tātaritanga poto-wāhanga |
| Pū Whakanui Paerewa | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 kiromita | Te whakatikatika/te ine |
| Huinga Ripanga-iti | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 kiromita | Ngā teihana turanga 5G/Satcom |
3. Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Tātaitanga Awhe
Ko te whānuitanga whakatau tata o te whārite tuku Friis (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Kei hea:
P_t = Mana tuku (hei tauira, radar 10W)
G_t, G_r = Ngā pikinga pūihi Tx/Rx (hei tauira, te haona 20 dBi)
P_r = Te aro o te kaiwhiwhi (hei tauira, –90 dBm)
Tohutohu Whaihua: Mō ngā hononga amiorangi Ka-band, honoa he haona whakanui-teitei (30+ dBi) me ngā whakakaha haruru-iti (NF <1 dB).
4. Ngā Herenga Taiao
Te Whakaiti i te Ua: Ka ngaro ngā tohu Ka-band i te 3–10 dB/km i te ua nui.
Te Horahanga Hiko: Ko te whānuitanga hihi o tētahi anga moroiti 25 dBi i te 30 GHz he 2.3° te whānui – he pai mō ngā hononga pūwāhi-ki-pūwāhi tika.
Whakamutunga: Ka rerekē ngā awhe pūihi ngaruiti mai i te <1 km (ngā whakamātautau EMC biconical) ki te 50+ km (satcom Ka-band). Arotauhia mā te whiriwhiri i ngā pūihi E-/Ka-band mō te putanga tere, ngā haona 2–4 GHz rānei mō te pono.
Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō ngā antenna, tirohia:
Wā tuku: Akuhata-08-2025
