Mai i te kōrero o mua, ahakoa he whānuitia ngā āhua me ngā āhua o ngā pūihi, ka taea te whakarōpū whānui i runga i ngā āhuatanga ōrite.
Mā te roanga ngaru: ngā pūihi ngaru-waenga, ngā pūihi ngaru-poto, ngā pūihi ngaru-poto rawa, ngā pūihi ngaruiti...
Mā te mahi: ngā pūihi whakanui-teitei, ngā pūihi whakanui-waenga...
Mā te aronga: ngā pūihi ahunga-katoa, ngā pūihi aronga, ngā pūihi rāngai...
Mā te whakamahinga: ngā pūihi teihana turanga, ngā pūihi pouaka whakaata, ngā pūihi radar, ngā pūihi reo irirangi...
Mā te hanganga: ngā pūihi waea,ngā pūihi papatahi...
Mā te momo pūnaha: ngā pūihi huānga kotahi, ngā rarangi pūihi...
I tēnei rā ka arotahi tātou ki te matapaki i ngā pūihi teihana turanga.
Ko ngā pūihi teihana turanga he wāhanga o te pūnaha pūihi teihana turanga, ā, he wāhanga nui hoki o te pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti waea pūkoro. Ko ngā pūihi teihana turanga ka wehea whānuitia ki ngā pūihi o roto, o waho hoki. Ko ngā pūihi o roto kei roto ko ngā pūihi tuanui ahunga-katoa me ngā pūihi e mau ana ki te pakitara ahunga. Ka arotahi tātou ki ngā pūihi o waho, e wehea ana hoki ki ngā momo ahunga-katoa me ngā momo ahunga-katoa. Ka wehea anō ngā pūihi ahunga-katoa ki ngā pūihi kotahi-polarized ahunga-katoa me ngā pūihi takirua-polarized ahunga-katoa. He aha te polarization? Kaua e manukanuka, ka matapakihia e tātou tēnā i muri mai. Me kōrero tuatahi tātou mō ngā pūihi ahunga-katoa me ngā pūihi ahunga-katoa. E ai ki te ingoa, ka tukuna, ka whiwhi tohu te pūihi ahunga-katoa i ngā taha katoa, ko te pūihi ahunga-katoa ia ka tukuna, ka whiwhi tohu i tētahi taha motuhake.
Koinei te āhua o ngā pūihi o waho e ahu whakamua ana:
He tokotoko te āhua, he matotoru ētahi, he angiangi ētahi.
Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā pūihi omnidirectional, ko ngā pūihi ahunga te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tono o te ao tūroa.
I te nuinga o te wā, he rite tōna āhua ki tētahi panera papatahi, koia i huaina ai ko te panera pūihi.
Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te pūihi papatahi e whai ake nei:
Huānga hihi (dipole)
Whakaata (pereti turanga)
Whatunga tohatoha hiko (whatunga whāngai)
Te whakakāpōtanga me te tiakitanga (radome pūihi)
I mua, i kite tātou i aua huānga hihi āhua rerekē, koia nei ngā huānga hihi o ngā pūihi teihana turanga. Kua kite koe kei te whai ngā koki o ēnei huānga hihi i tētahi tauira: he āhua "+" he āhua "×" rānei.
Koinei te mea i kīia i mua ake nei ko te "polarization".
Ina horapa ngā ngaru reo irirangi i te wāhi, ka rerekē te ahunga o tō rātou papa hiko i runga i tētahi tauira; ka kiia tēnei āhuatanga ko te whakapororatanga o ngā ngaru reo irirangi.
Mena he poutū te ahunga o te papa hiko o te ngaru hikohiko ki te whenua, ka kiia e tātou he ngaru porowhita poutū. Waihoki, ki te mea he whakarara ki te whenua, he ngaru porowhita whakapae. Hei tāpiri, kei reira anō ngā porowhita ±45°.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea hoki te huri porowhita o te ahunga o te papa hiko, e kiia nei he ngaru porowhita te porowhita.
Ko te tikanga o te whakapolarisasi takirua ka honoa ngā huānga pūihi e rua ki roto i te wae kotahi, ka hanga he ngaru motuhake e rua.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā pūihi takirua-porowhita ka taea te whakaiti i te maha o ngā pūihi e hiahiatia ana mō te kapinga pūtau, te whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga mō te tāutanga pūihi, ā, ka whakaiti i te haumitanga, me te whakarite tonu i te kapinga whai hua. I roto i te poto, he maha ngā painga e tukuna ana.
Ka haere tonu tā tātou kōrero mō ngā pūihi ahunga-katoa me ngā pūihi ahunga-katoa.
He aha i taea ai e ngā pūihi ahunga te whakahaere i te ahunga o te irahiko tohu?
Me titiro tātou ki tētahi hoahoa i te tuatahi:
Ka kiia tēnei momo hoahoa he tauira irahiko pūihi.
Nā te mea he toru-ahu te wāhi, ka whakaratohia e tēnei tirohanga mai i runga ki raro me te tirohanga mai i mua ki muri he huarahi mārama ake, he huarahi māmā ake hoki ki te tirotiro i te tohatoha o te kaha o te irahiko a te pūihi.
Ko te ahua i runga ake nei he tauira irahiko pūihi i hangaia e ngā rua o ngā rua-rua riterite o te haurua-ngaru, he rite ki te potae e takoto papatahi ana.
Hei kōrero mō tēnā, ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino nui o te pūihi ko tōna whānuitanga irahiko.
Me pēhea tā tātou whakatere i te pūihi nei kia nui ake te horapa?
Ko te whakautu—mā te patu!
Inaianei ka nui ake te tawhiti o te irahiko...
Ko te raruraru, kāore e kitea te irahiko, kāore hoki e taea te pa atu; kāore e taea te kite, te pā atu rānei, ā, kāore hoki e taea te tango whakaahua.
I roto i te ariā o te pūihi, ki te hiahia koe ki te "pā" i te pūihi, ko te huarahi tika ko te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā huānga hihi.
Ka nui ake ngā huānga e whiti ana, ka papatahi ake te tauira whiti...
Āe, kua whakawhāitihia te potae kia rite ki te kōpae, kua whakaroahia te whānuitanga o te tohu, ā, ka horapa ki ngā taha katoa, 360 nekehanga; he pūihi omnidirectional. He tino pai tēnei momo pūihi mō te whakamahi i ngā wāhi tūmatanui, tuwhera. Heoi, i roto i te tāone nui, he uaua te whakamahi i tēnei momo pūihi.
I ngā tāone nui, he kikii te taupori me te maha o ngā whare, he mea tika kia whakamahia ngā pūihi ahunga hei whakarato i te kapinga tohu ki ngā wāhi motuhake.
Nō reira, me "whakarerekē" e tātou te pūihi ahunga-katoa.
Tuatahi, me kimi e tātou he huarahi hei "kōpeke" i tētahi taha:
Me pēhea te whakawhāiti? Ka tāpirihia he whakaata ka whakatakotoria ki te taha kotahi. Kātahi ka whakamahia he maha o ngā whakawhiti hei "arotahi" i ngā ngaru oro.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te tauira irahiko i whiwhihia e mātou penei te āhua:
I roto i te hoahoa, ko te pūwero me te kaha teitei rawa o te irahiko ka kiia ko te pūwero matua, ko ngā pūwero e toe ana ka kiia ko ngā pūwero taha, ko ngā pūwero tuarua rānei, ā, he hiku iti anō hoki kei muri e kiia nei ko te pūwero o muri.
Āe, he rite tēnei āhua ki te... aubergine?
Mō tēnei "aukati", me pēhea e taea ai e koe te whakanui ake i te kapinga o tōna tohu?
E kore rawa e mahi te pupuri i a koe e tū ana i te tiriti; he maha rawa ngā arai.
Ka teitei ake tō tūnga, ka tawhiti ake tō tirohanga, nō reira me aro atu tātou ki te wāhi teitei ake.
Ina kei te teitei koe, me pēhea te whakatakoto i te pūihi ki raro? He tino māmā noa iho, me piko noa te pūihi ki raro, tika?
Ae, ko te whakatītaha tika i te pūihi i te wā tāutanga tētahi tikanga, e kiia nei e mātou ko te "whakatītaha miihini ki raro".
Kei ngā pūihi hou katoa tēnei āheinga i te wā e tāuta ana; mā te ringa miihini e tiaki.
Heoi anō, he raruraru anō hoki te hekenga ā-mīhini—
Ina whakamahia te whakaheke-ā-ringa, kāore e rerekē te kaha o ngā wāhanga poutū me te whakapae o te pūihi, ka hua ake he tino hē o te tauira pūihi.
Kāore rawa tēnei e mahi, nā te mea ka pā ki te kapinga tohu. Nō reira, i whakamahia e mātou tētahi atu tikanga, arā, ko te whakaheke hiko, ko te whakaheke hiko rānei.
I te poto, ko te whakaheke hiko ko te pupuri i te koki ā-tinana o te pūihi kia kaua e whakarerekētia, me te whakarerekē i te āhua o ngā wāhanga pūihi hei whakarerekē i te kaha o te mara.
Ki te whakaritea ki te piko-ā-ringa, he iti ake te huringa o te tauira irahiko o ngā pūihi piko-hiko e whakaatuhia ana e te piko-hiko, ā, ka nui ake ngā koki piko-iho, ā, e anga ana te pūihi matua me te pūihi o muri ki raro.
Ae, i roto i te whakamahinga mahi, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia te hekenga ā-ringa me te hekenga hiko.
I muri i te whakamahi i te whakatōtō ki raro, ka rite te āhua ki tēnei:
I tēnei āhuatanga, ka whakamahia pai te awhe irahiko matua o te pūihi.
Heoi anō, kei te mau tonu ngā raruraru:
1. He kore kei roto i te tauira irahiko i waenganui i te pū matua me te pū taha o raro, ka hangaia he wāhi matapo tohu i taua wāhi. E kiia ana tēnei ko te "pānga atarangi".
2. He teitei te koki o te taha whakarunga, e pā ana ki ngā wāhi tawhiti atu, ā, e ngāwari ana te whakararuraru i waenga i ngā pūtau, ko te tikanga ka pā te tohu ki ētahi atu pūtau.
Nō reira, me whakapau kaha tātou ki te whakakī i te āputa i te "hōhonutanga kore o raro" me te pehi i te kaha o te "taha taha o runga".
Ko ngā tikanga motuhake ko te whakarerekē i te taumata o te taha taha me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pēnei i te hanga hihi. He uaua ngā taipitopito hangarau. Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e koe te rapu i ngā mōhiohio e tika ana māu ake.
Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō ngā antenna, tirohia:
Wā tuku: Hakihea-04-2025
