I te pikinga ake o te rongonui o ngā taputapu ahokore, kua uru ngā ratonga raraunga ki tētahi wā hou o te whanaketanga tere, e mōhiotia ana ko te tipu tere o ngā ratonga raraunga. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā tono e neke haere ana mai i ngā rorohiko ki ngā taputapu ahokore pērā i ngā waea pūkoro he ngāwari ki te kawe me te whakahaere i te wā tūturu, engari nā tēnei āhuatanga i piki ake ai te tere o te haere o ngā raraunga me te korenga o ngā rauemi whānui. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, ka eke pea te tere raraunga i te mākete ki te Gbps, ki te Tbps rānei i roto i ngā tau 10 ki te 15 e whai ake nei. I tēnei wā, kua eke te whakawhitiwhitinga raraunga THz ki te tere raraunga Gbps, i te mea kei te tīmatanga tonu te whanaketanga o te tere raraunga Tbps. Kei roto i tētahi pepa e pā ana ngā ahunga whakamua hou o ngā tere raraunga Gbps i runga i te roopu THz, ā, e matapaetia ana ka taea te whiwhi Tbps mā te whakarea polarization. Nō reira, hei whakanui ake i te tere tuku raraunga, ko tētahi otinga whai hua ko te whakawhanake i tētahi roopu auau hou, ko te roopu terahertz, kei roto i te "wāhi takoto kau" i waenganui i ngā ngaruiti me te mārama infrared. I te Huihuinga Whakawhitiwhiti Irirangi o te Ao ITU (WRC-19) i te tau 2019, i whakamahia te awhe auau o te 275-450GHz mō ngā ratonga waea pumau me ngā ratonga waea pūkoro whenua. Ka kitea kua arohia e te tini o ngā kairangahau ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti ahokore terahertz.
Ko ngā ngaru hiko Terahertz e tautuhia whānuitia ana ko te roopu auau o te 0.1-10THz (1THz=1012Hz) me te roanga ngaru o te 0.03-3 mm. E ai ki te paerewa IEEE, ko ngā ngaru terahertz e tautuhia ana ko te 0.3-10THz. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 1 kei waenganui i ngā ngaruiti me te mārama whero te roopu auau terahertz.
Pikitia 1. Kauwhata hoahoa o te roopu auau THz.
Te Whakawhanaketanga o ngā Antenna Terahertz
Ahakoa i tīmata te rangahau terahertz i te rautau 19, kāore i akohia hei mara motuhake i taua wā. Ko te rangahau mō te irahiko terahertz i aro nui ki te roopu infrared tawhiti. Nō waenganui ki te mutunga o te rautau 20 ka tīmata ngā kairangahau ki te whakatairanga i te rangahau ngaru mirimita ki te roopu terahertz me te whakahaere rangahau hangarau terahertz motuhake.
I ngā tau 1980, nā te putanga mai o ngā pūtake irahiko terahertz i taea ai te whakamahi i ngā ngaru terahertz i roto i ngā pūnaha mahi. Mai i te rautau 21, kua tere te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore, ā, nā te hiahia o te tangata ki ngā mōhiohio me te pikinga ake o ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kua nui ake ngā whakaritenga mō te tere tuku raraunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Nō reira, ko tētahi o ngā wero o te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā muri ake nei ko te whakahaere i te tere raraunga teitei o ngā gigabits ia hekona i te wāhi kotahi. I raro i te whanaketanga ōhanga o nāianei, kua piki haere te iti o ngā rauemi irahiko. Heoi, he mutunga kore ngā whakaritenga a te tangata mō te kaha me te tere whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Mō te raruraru o te whakakīkī irahiko, he maha ngā kamupene e whakamahi ana i te hangarau maha-tāuru maha-putanga (MIMO) hei whakapai ake i te pai o te irahiko me te kaha pūnaha mā te whakarea ā-wāhi. I te whanaketanga o ngā whatunga 5G, ka nui ake te tere hononga raraunga o ia kaiwhakamahi i te Gbps, ā, ka nui ake hoki te pikinga o te hokohoko raraunga o ngā teihana turanga. Mō ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ngaru mirimita tuku iho, kāore e taea e ngā hononga ngaruiti te whakahaere i ēnei awa raraunga nui. Hei tāpiritanga, nā te awe o te tirohanga whānui, he poto te tawhiti tuku o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whero-whero, ā, he pumau te tūnga o ōna taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Nō reira, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā ngaru THz, kei waenganui i ngā ngaruiti me ngā ngaru whero-whero, hei hanga pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tere-teitei, hei whakanui ake hoki i ngā tere tuku raraunga mā te whakamahi i ngā hononga THz.
Ka taea e ngā ngaru Terahertz te whakarato i te whānui o te whānuitanga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ā, ko tōna whānuitanga auau he tata ki te 1000 ngā wā i te whānuitanga o ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pūkoro. Nō reira, ko te whakamahi i te THz hei hanga pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore tino tere he otinga whai hua ki te wero o ngā tere raraunga teitei, kua kukume i te hiahia o te maha o ngā rōpū rangahau me ngā ahumahi. I te marama o Hepetema 2017, i tukuna te paerewa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore THz tuatahi IEEE 802.15.3d-2017, e tautuhi ana i te whakawhitiwhiti raraunga pūwāhi-ki-pūwāhi i te whānuitanga auau THz o raro o te 252-325 GHz. Ka taea e te paparanga tinana rerekē (PHY) o te hononga te whakatutuki i ngā tere raraunga tae atu ki te 100 Gbps i ngā whānuitanga rerekē.
I whakatūria te pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti THz angitu tuatahi o te 0.12 THz i te tau 2004, ā, i tutuki te pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti THz o te 0.3 THz i te tau 2013. Kei roto i te Ripanga 1 te ahunga whakamua o te rangahau o ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti terahertz i Hapani mai i te tau 2004 ki te 2013.
Ripanga 1 Te ahunga whakamua o te rangahau mō ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti terahertz i Hapani mai i te tau 2004 ki te 2013
I whakaahuahia te hanganga pūihi o tētahi pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i whakawhanakehia i te tau 2004 e Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) i te tau 2005. I whakaurua te whirihoranga pūihi i roto i ngā take e rua, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2.
Pikitia 2 Te hoahoa kauwhata o te pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti ahokore NTT 120 GHz o Hapani
Ka whakauruhia e te pūnaha te huringa hiko me te pūihi, ā, e rua ngā momo mahi e whakamahia ana:
1. I roto i te taiao tata-ā-roto, ko te tuku pūihi papatahi e whakamahia ana i roto i te whare he maramara photodiode kawe raina-kotahi (UTC-PD), he pūihi mokowā papatahi me te karāhe silicon, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2(a).
2. I roto i te taiao o waho tawhiti, hei whakapai ake i te awe o te mate tuku nui me te iti o te aro o te pūoko, me nui te whakanui o te pūihi tuku. Ka whakamahia e te pūihi terahertz o nāianei he karāhe whatu Gaussian me te whakanui neke atu i te 50 dBi. Kei te whakaatuhia te huinga o te haona whāngai me te karāhe dielectric i te Pikitia 2(b).
Haunga te whakawhanake i tētahi pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero 0.12 THz, i whakawhanakehia anō hoki e NTT tētahi pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero 0.3THz i te tau 2012. Mā te arotau tonu, ka taea e te tere tuku te eke ki te 100Gbps. E kitea ana i te Ripanga 1, he nui tana takoha ki te whanaketanga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero terahertz. Heoi, kei ngā mahi rangahau o nāianei ngā ngoikoretanga o te auau whakahaere iti, te rahi nui me te utu nui.
Ko te nuinga o ngā pūihi terahertz e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā kua whakarerekētia mai i ngā pūihi ngaru mirimita, ā, he iti noa te auahatanga i roto i ngā pūihi terahertz. Nō reira, hei whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti terahertz, he mahi nui te arotau i ngā pūihi terahertz. Kei te Ripanga 2 te ahunga whakamua o te rangahau mō te whakawhitiwhiti THz Tiamana. Kei te Whakaahua 3 (a) te whakaatu i tētahi pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti ahokore THz e whakakotahi ana i te photonics me te hikohiko. Kei te Whakaahua 3 (b) te whakaaturanga whakamātautau o te kauhanga hau. Mai i te āhuatanga rangahau o nāianei i Tiamana, he ngoikoretanga anō hoki ōna rangahau me te whanaketanga pērā i te iti o te auau whakahaere, te utu nui me te iti o te whai huatanga.
Ripanga 2 Te ahunga whakamua o te rangahau mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero THz i Tiamana
Pikitia 3 Wāhi whakamātautau o te kauhanga hau
Kua tīmatahia hoki e te Pokapū ICT CSIRO te rangahau mō ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti ahokore ā-roto THz. I rangahauhia e te pokapū te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tau me te auau whakawhitiwhiti, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 4. E kitea ana i te Pikitia 4, i te tau 2020, ka anga atu te rangahau mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti ahokore ki te roopu THz. Ka piki ake te auau whakawhitiwhiti mōrahi e whakamahi ana i te whānuitanga reo irirangi tata ki te tekau ngā wā i ia rua tekau tau. Kua tukuna e te pokapū ngā taunakitanga mō ngā whakaritenga mō ngā pūihi THz, ā, kua whakaarohia ngā pūihi tuku iho pērā i ngā haona me ngā karāhe mō ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti THz. E whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 5, e rua ngā pūihi haona e mahi ana i te 0.84THz me te 1.7THz, me te hanganga māmā me te mahi hihi Gaussian pai.
Pikitia 4 Te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tau me te auau
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Pikitia 5 Ngā momo pūihi e rua
Kua whakahaerehia e te Hononga o Amerika he rangahau whānui mō te tukunga me te kimi i ngā ngaru terahertz. Ko ētahi o ngā taiwhanga rangahau terahertz rongonui ko te Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), te Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), te US National Laboratory (LLNL), te National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), te National Science Foundation (NSF), me ētahi atu. Kua hoahoatia ngā pūihi terahertz hou mō ngā tono terahertz, pērā i ngā pūihi bowtie me ngā pūihi urungi hihi auau. E ai ki te whanaketanga o ngā pūihi terahertz, e toru ngā whakaaro hoahoa taketake mō ngā pūihi terahertz e kitea ana i tēnei wā, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 6.
Pikitia 6 Ngā whakaaro hoahoa taketake e toru mō ngā pūihi terahertz
E whakaatu ana te tātari i runga ake nei ahakoa he nui ngā whenua kua aro nui ki ngā pūihi terahertz, kei te wāhanga tūhuratanga me te whanaketanga tuatahi tonu. Nā te nui o te ngaronga horapa me te mimiti ngota, ka herea ngā pūihi THz e te tawhiti tuku me te kapinga. Ko ētahi rangahau e aro ana ki ngā auau mahi iti i roto i te roopu THz. Ko te nuinga o ngā rangahau pūihi terahertz o nāianei e aro ana ki te whakapai ake i te whakanui mā te whakamahi i ngā pūihi arotahi dielectric, me ētahi atu, me te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mā te whakamahi i ngā rauropi tika. Hei tāpiri, me pēhea te whakapai ake i te pai o te takai pūihi terahertz he take tino nui hoki.
Ngā pūihi THz whānui
He maha ngā momo pūihi THz e wātea ana: ngā pūihi dipole me ngā kōhao kōniko, ngā rarangi whakaata kokonga, ngā dipole bowtie, ngā pūihi papatahi arotahi dielectric, ngā pūihi kawe whakaahua mō te whakaputa i ngā pūtake irahiko pūtake THz, ngā pūihi haona, ngā pūihi THz i runga i ngā rauemi graphene, me ētahi atu. E ai ki ngā rauemi i whakamahia hei hanga i ngā pūihi THz, ka taea te wehewehe whānuitia ki ngā pūihi whakarewa (ko ngā pūihi haona te nuinga), ngā pūihi dielectric (ngā pūihi arotahi), me ngā pūihi rauemi hou. Ka hoatu tuatahitia e tēnei wāhanga he tātaritanga tuatahi o ēnei pūihi, ā, i te wāhanga e whai ake nei, ka whakaurua taipitopitotia, ka tātarihia hoki kia hohonu ngā pūihi THz noa e rima.
1. Ngā pūihi whakarewa
He pūihi whakarewa noa te pūihi haona i hangaia kia mahi i roto i te roopu THz. Ko te pūihi o te kaiwhiwhi ngaru mirimita tawhito he pūihi kōniko. He maha ngā painga o ngā pūihi kōpiko me ngā pūihi aratau-rua, tae atu ki ngā tauira hihi hurihuri ōrite, te whakanui teitei o te 20 ki te 30 dBi me te taumata whakawhiti-polarization iti o te -30 dB, me te pai o te hononga o te 97% ki te 98%. Ko te whānui o te whānui e wātea ana o ngā pūihi haona e rua he 30%-40% me te 6%-8%, ia.
Nā te mea he tino teitei te auau o ngā ngaru terahertz, he iti rawa te rahi o te pūihi haona, ka tino uaua te tukatuka i te haona, inā koa i roto i te hoahoa o ngā rarangi pūihi, ā, ko te uaua o te hangarau tukatuka ka hua ake he utu nui me te iti o te hanga. Nā te uaua o te hanga i te raro o te hoahoa haona uaua, ka whakamahia he pūihi haona ngāwari i te āhua o te haona kōniko, kōniko rānei, ka taea te whakaiti i te utu me te uaua o te tukanga, ā, ka taea te pupuri pai i te mahi irahiko o te pūihi.
Ko tētahi atu pūihi whakarewa he pūihi piramita ngaru haere, he pūihi ngaru haere kua whakauruhia ki runga i te kiriata hiko 1.2 maikoroni me te whakairihia ki roto i te kōhao roa kua whakairohia ki runga i te papa silicon, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 7. He hanganga tuwhera tēnei pūihi e hototahi ana ki ngā diode Schottky. Nā tōna hanganga ngāwari me te iti o ngā whakaritenga hanga, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā roopu auau i runga ake i te 0.6 THz. Heoi, he teitei te taumata taha-rohe me te taumata whakawhiti-polarization o te pūihi, nā tōna hanganga tuwhera pea. Nō reira, he iti te pai o te hononga (tata ki te 50%).
Pikitia 7 Te pūihi piramiti o te ngaru haere
2. Pūihi hiko-kore
Ko te pūihi whakapūngao hiko he huinga o te papa whakapūngao hiko me te pūwhakamahana pūihi. Mā te hoahoa tika, ka taea e te pūihi whakapūngao hiko te whakatutuki i te taurite aukati ki te pūoko, ā, he painga o te tukanga māmā, te whakaurunga ngāwari, me te utu iti. I ngā tau tata nei, kua hangaia e ngā kairangahau ētahi pūihi taha-ahi whaiti me te whānui e taea ai te taurite ki ngā pūoko aukati-iti o ngā pūihi whakapūngao hiko terahertz: te pūihi pūrerehua, te pūihi āhua-U takirua, te pūihi ā-rō-wā, me te pūihi sinusoidal ā-rō-wā, e whakaatuhia ana i te Pikitia 8. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te hoahoa i ngā āhua pūihi uaua ake mā roto i ngā rauropi ira.
Pikitia 8 Ngā momo pūihi papatahi e whā
Heoi, nā te mea kua honoa te pūihi dielectric ki tētahi papa dielectric, ka puta he pānga ngaru mata ina anga te auau ki te roopu THz. Mā tēnei ngoikoretanga kino ka ngaro te nui o te pūngao o te pūihi i te wā e whakahaerehia ana, ā, ka heke nui te whai huatanga o te hihi pūihi. E ai ki te Whakaahua 9, ina nui ake te koki hihi pūihi i te koki tapahi, ka herea tōna pūngao ki roto i te papa dielectric, ā, ka honoa ki te aratau papa.
Pikitia 9 Te pānga ngaru o te mata o te pūihi
I te piki haere o te matotoru o te papa, ka piki ake te maha o ngā aratau teitei, ā, ka piki ake te hononga i waenga i te pūihi me te papa, ka hua ake te ngaronga pūngao. Hei whakaiti i te pānga ngaru mata, e toru ngā kaupapa arotau:
1) Utaina he arotahi ki runga i te pūihi hei whakanui ake i te whakanui mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga hanga hihi o ngā ngaru hikohiko.
2) Whakaitihia te matotoru o te papa hei pehi i te whakaputanga o ngā momo teitei o ngā ngaru hikohiko.
3) Whakakapia te rauemi dielectric o te papa ki te āputa roopu hikohiko (EBG). Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga tātari ā-wāhi o EBG te pehi i ngā aratau teitei.
3. Ngā pūihi rauemi hou
Haunga ngā pūihi e rua o runga ake nei, kei reira anō hoki tētahi pūihi terahertz i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi hou. Hei tauira, i te tau 2006, i whakaarohia e Jin Hao me ētahi atu he pūihi dipole nanotube waro. E ai ki te Whakaahua 10 (a), he mea hanga te dipole mai i ngā nanotube waro, kaua ki ngā rauemi whakarewa. I āta tirotirohia e ia ngā āhuatanga infrared me te whatu o te pūihi dipole nanotube waro, ā, i kōrerohia ngā āhuatanga whānui o te pūihi dipole nanotube waro roa mutunga kore, pērā i te aukati whakauru, te tohatoha iahiko, te whakanui, te whai huatanga me te tauira irahiko. E whakaatu ana te Whakaahua 10 (b) i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te aukati whakauru me te auau o te pūihi dipole nanotube waro. E ai ki te Whakaahua 10(b), he maha ngā kore o te wāhanga whakaaro o te aukati whakauru i ngā auau teitei ake. E tohu ana tēnei ka taea e te pūihi te whakatutuki i ngā oro maha i ngā auau rerekē. He mārama, ka whakaatuhia e te pūihi nanotube waro te oro i roto i tētahi awhe auau (ngā auau THz iti ake), engari kāore e taea te oro i waho o tēnei awhe.
Pikitia 10 (a) Pūihi dipole nanotube waro. (b) Pīkoi auau-auau ārai whakauru
I te tau 2012, i whakaarohia e Samir F. Mahmoud rāua ko Ayed R. AlAjmi tētahi hanganga pūihi terahertz hou e hangai ana ki ngā ngongo waro, he paihere ngongo waro kua takaihia ki roto i ngā paparanga dielectric e rua. Ko te paparanga dielectric o roto he paparanga pahuka dielectric, ā, ko te paparanga dielectric o waho he paparanga metamaterial. Kei te whakaatuhia te hanganga motuhake i te Pikitia 11. Mā te whakamātautau, kua pai ake te mahi irahiko o te pūihi ki te whakataurite ki ngā ngongo waro kotahi-pakipa.
Pikitia 11 He pūihi terahertz hou i runga i ngā ngongo waro
Ko ngā pūihi terahertz rauemi hou kua whakaarohia i runga ake nei he toru-ahu te nuinga. Hei whakapai ake i te whānui o te pūihi me te hanga pūihi āhua rite, kua arohia whānuitia ngā pūihi graphene papatahi. He tino pai ngā āhuatanga whakahaere tonu hihiri o te graphene, ā, ka taea e ia te whakaputa i te plasma mata mā te whakarerekē i te ngaohiko whakahāngai. Kei te atanga i waenga i ngā papa pūmau dielectric pai (pēnei i te Si, SiO2, me ētahi atu) me ngā papa pūmau dielectric kino (pēnei i ngā konganuku utu nui, graphene, me ētahi atu). He nui ngā "irahiko kore utu" i roto i ngā kaiārahi pēnei i ngā konganuku utu nui me te graphene. Ka kiia hoki ēnei irahiko kore utu he plasma. Nā te mara pūmanawa ā-roto i roto i te kaiārahi, kei roto ēnei plasma i te āhua pumau, ā, kāore e whakararuraruhia e te ao o waho. Ina honoa te kaha ngaru hikohiko taunga ki ēnei plasma, ka wehe ngā plasma mai i te āhua pumau ka wiri. Whai muri i te huringa, ka hangaia e te aratau hikohiko he ngaru aukume whakawhiti i te atanga. E ai ki te whakaahuatanga o te whanaungatanga marara o te plasma mata whakarewa e te tauira Drude, kāore e taea e ngā konganuku te hono noa ki ngā ngaru hikohiko i te wāhi kore utu me te huri i te kaha. Me whakamahi i ētahi atu rauemi hei whakaoho i ngā ngaru plasma mata. Ka tere te pirau o ngā ngaru plasma mata i te ahunga whakarara o te hononga whakarewa-papa. Ina rere te arataki whakarewa i te ahunga poutū ki te mata, ka puta he pānga kiri. He mārama, nā te iti o te pūihi, he pānga kiri kei roto i te roopu auau teitei, ka heke tere te mahi a te pūihi, ā, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā pūihi terahertz. Ehara i te mea he kaha ake te here o te plasmon mata o te graphene, engari he iti ake te ngaronga, engari he tautoko hoki i te whakatikatika hiko tonu. Hei tāpiri, he uaua te arataki o te graphene i roto i te roopu terahertz. Nō reira, e pā ana te horapa puhoi o te ngaru ki te aratau plasma i ngā auau terahertz. E whakaatu katoa ana ēnei āhuatanga i te whaihua o te graphene ki te whakakapi i ngā rauemi whakarewa i roto i te roopu terahertz.
I runga i te whanonga pōraritanga o ngā plasmon mata graphene, e whakaatu ana te Pikitia 12 i tētahi momo pūihi rīpene hou, ā, e whakaaro ana ki te āhua o te roopu o ngā āhuatanga horapa o ngā ngaru plasma i roto i te graphene. Mā te hoahoa o te roopu pūihi ka taea te whakarerekē ka whakaratohia he huarahi hou ki te ako i ngā āhuatanga horapa o ngā pūihi terahertz rauemi hou.
Pikitia 12 Pūihi rīpene hou
Haunga te tūhura i ngā rauemi hou o ngā huānga pūihi terahertz, ka taea hoki te hoahoa i ngā pūihi graphene nanopatch terahertz hei rarangi hei hanga i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti pūihi maha-tāuru maha-putanga terahertz. Kei te whakaatuhia te hanganga pūihi i te Pikitia 13. I runga i ngā āhuatanga ahurei o ngā pūihi graphene nanopatch, he rite te rahi o ngā huānga pūihi ki te micron. Ka hangaia tika e te whakatakotoranga kohu matū ngā whakaahua graphene rerekē ki runga i te paparanga nikara angiangi ka tukuna ki tētahi papa. Mā te whiriwhiri i te maha o ngā wāhanga e tika ana me te whakarerekē i te ngaohiko hiko-pūmau, ka taea te whakarerekē pai i te ahunga irahiko, ka taea ai te whirihora anō i te pūnaha.
Pikitia 13 Te rarangi pūihi graphene nanopatch terahertz
He huarahi hou te rangahau i ngā rauemi hou. E tūmanakohia ana ka pakaruhia e te auahatanga o ngā rauemi ngā herenga o ngā pūihi tuku iho, ā, ka whakawhanakehia he momo pūihi hou, pērā i ngā rauemi meta ka taea te whirihora anō, ngā rauemi rua-ahu (2D), me ētahi atu. Heoi, ko tēnei momo pūihi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te auahatanga o ngā rauemi hou me te whakatairanga i te hangarau tukatuka. Ahakoa pēhea, ko te whanaketanga o ngā pūihi terahertz me whai rauemi auaha, hangarau tukatuka tika me ngā hanganga hoahoa hou hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakanui nui, utu iti me te whānui o te whānui o ngā pūihi terahertz.
E whai ake nei ka whakaatuhia ngā mātāpono taketake o ngā momo pūihi terahertz e toru: ngā pūihi whakarewa, ngā pūihi dielectric me ngā pūihi rauemi hou, ā, ka tātarihia hoki ō rātou rerekētanga me ō rātou painga me ō rātou ngoikoretanga.
1. Pūihi whakarewa: He māmā te āhua, he ngāwari ki te tukatuka, he iti te utu, ā, he iti ngā whakaritenga mō ngā rauemi papa. Heoi, ka whakamahia e ngā pūihi whakarewa he tikanga miihini hei whakatika i te tūranga o te pūihi, he mea ngāwari ki te hapa. Ki te kore e tika te whakatikatika, ka tino heke te mahi a te pūihi. Ahakoa he iti te rahi o te pūihi whakarewa, he uaua ki te huihui me te ara iahiko papatahi.
2. Pūihi Ārai Hiko: He iti te aukati tāuru o te pūihi ārai hiko, he ngāwari ki te hono atu ki tētahi taputapu kite aukati iti, ā, he tino ngāwari ki te hono atu ki tētahi ara iahiko papatahi. Ko ngā āhua āhuahanga o ngā pūihi ārai hiko ko te āhua pūrerehua, te āhua U takirua, te āhua logarithm tikanga me te āhua sine ā-wā logarithm. Heoi, he hapa nui anō hoki tō ngā pūihi ārai hiko, arā, ko te pānga ngaru mata i puta mai i te papa matotoru. Ko te otinga ko te uta i tētahi arotahi me te whakakapi i te papa ārai hiko ki tētahi hanganga EBG. E rua ngā otinga e hiahia ana ki te auahatanga me te whakapai tonu i te hangarau tukanga me ngā rauemi, engari ko tā rātou mahi pai (pēnei i te omnidirectionality me te pehi ngaru mata) ka taea te whakarato whakaaro hou mō te rangahau i ngā pūihi terahertz.
3. Ngā pūihi rauemi hou: I tēnei wā, kua puta mai ngā pūihi dipole hou i hangaia ki ngā nanotube waro me ngā hanganga pūihi hou i hangaia ki ngā rauemi meta. Ka taea e ngā rauemi hou te kawe mai i ngā putanga hou o te mahi, engari ko te kaupapa matua ko te auahatanga o te pūtaiao rauemi. I tēnei wā, kei te wāhanga tūhura tonu te rangahau mō ngā pūihi rauemi hou, ā, he maha ngā hangarau matua kāore anō kia tino pakari.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā momo pūihi terahertz rerekē kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa:
1) Mena he hoahoa māmā, he utu whakaputa iti hoki e hiahiatia ana, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā pūihi whakarewa.
2) Mena e hiahiatia ana he whakaurunga teitei me te aukati whakauru iti, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā pūihi dielectric.
3) Mena e hiahiatia ana he putanga hou o te mahi, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā pūihi rauemi hou.
Ka taea hoki te whakarerekē i ngā hoahoa o runga ake nei kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakakotahi i ngā momo pūihi e rua kia nui ake ai ngā painga, engari me tutuki i te tikanga huihuinga me te hangarau hoahoa ngā whakaritenga tino pakari.
Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō ngā antenna, tirohia:
Wā tuku: Akuhata-02-2024
