Ngā Pūrongo - Te Whakataki me te Whakarōpūtanga o ētahi Antennas noa

1. Whakataki ki ngā Antenna
He hanganga whakawhiti te pūihi i waenga i te wāhi wātea me te aho tuku, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1. Ka taea te aho tuku te āhua he aho coaxial, he ngongo pokorua rānei (aratohu ngaru), e whakamahia ana hei tuku i te pūngao hikohiko mai i te pūtake ki te pūihi, mai i te pūihi rānei ki te kaiwhiwhi. Ko te mea tuatahi he pūihi tuku, ko te mea tuarua he pūihi whiwhi.

Pikitia 1 Ara tuku pūngao hikohiko (wāhi kore-pūtake-tuku-aho-pūihi)

Ko te tuku o te pūnaha pūihi i te aratau tuku o te Pikitia 1 e tohuhia ana e te ōrite Thevenin e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2, kei reira te pūtake e tohuhia ana e te kaihanga tohu pai, ko te raina tuku e tohuhia ana e te raina me te aukati āhuatanga Zc, ā, ko te pūihi e tohuhia ana e te kawenga ZA [ZA = (RL + Rr) + jXA]. Ko te ātete kawenga RL e tohu ana i ngā mate kawe me te mate hiko e pā ana ki te hanganga pūihi, ko Rr ia e tohu ana i te ātete irahiko o te pūihi, ā, ko te tauhohenga XA e whakamahia ana hei tohu i te wāhanga whakaaro o te aukati e pā ana ki te irahiko pūihi. I raro i ngā āhuatanga pai, me whakawhiti te pūngao katoa i hangaia e te pūtake tohu ki te ātete irahiko Rr, e whakamahia ana hei tohu i te kaha irahiko o te pūihi. Heoi, i roto i ngā tono mahi, kei reira ngā mate kawe-mate hiko nā ngā āhuatanga o te raina tuku me te pūihi, me ngā mate i puta mai i te whakaata (kore-taurite) i waenga i te raina tuku me te pūihi. I te whakaaro ki te aukati ā-roto o te pūtake me te kore e aro ki te raina tuku me ngā mate whakaata (kore-taurite), ka whakaratohia te mana mōrahi ki te pūihi i raro i te taurite honohono.

Pikitia 2

Nā te kore e ōrite te aho tuku me te pūihi, ka honoa te ngaru whakaata mai i te atanga ki te ngaru taunga mai i te pūtake ki te pūihi hei hanga i tētahi ngaru tū, e tohu ana i te kukū me te rokiroki pūngao, ā, he taputapu whakakorikori noa iho. Ka whakaaturia tētahi tauira ngaru tū noa e te rārangi iraira i te Pikitia 2. Mena kāore i te tika te hoahoa o te pūnaha pūihi, ka taea e te aho tuku te mahi hei wāhanga rokiroki pūngao ki te nuinga o te wā, kaua hei kaiārahi ngaru me te taputapu tuku pūngao.
Kāore e hiahiatia ana ngā mate i puta mai i te raina tuku, te pūihi me ngā ngaru tū. Ka taea te whakaiti i ngā mate raina mā te whiriwhiri i ngā raina tuku iti-mate, ko ngā mate pūihi ia ka taea te whakaiti mā te whakaiti i te ātete mate e tohuhia ana e te RL i te Pikitia 2. Ka taea te whakaiti i ngā ngaru tū, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te rokiroki pūngao i roto i te raina mā te whakataurite i te aukati o te pūihi (kawenga) ki te aukati āhuatanga o te raina.
I roto i ngā pūnaha ahokore, hei tāpiri atu ki te whiwhi, ki te tuku rānei i te pūngao, me whakamahi ngā pūihi hei whakarei ake i te pūngao i tukuna ki ētahi ahunga, hei pehi hoki i te pūngao i tukuna ki ētahi atu ahunga. Nō reira, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā taputapu kimi, me whakamahi hoki ngā pūihi hei taputapu aronga. He maha ngā āhua o ngā pūihi hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia motuhake. He waea, he kōhao, he papaki, he huihuinga huānga (huinga), he whakaata, he karu arotahi, me ētahi atu.

I roto i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore, ko ngā pūihi tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino nui. Mā te hoahoa pūihi pai ka taea te whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga o te pūnaha me te whakapai ake i te mahi whānui o te pūnaha. Ko tētahi tauira matarohia ko te pouaka whakaata, ka taea te whakapai ake i te whiwhinga pāhotanga mā te whakamahi i ngā pūihi mahi-teitei. Ko ngā pūihi ki ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, pērā i ngā kanohi ki te tangata.

2. Te Whakarōpūtanga o te Pūihi
1. Waea Pūihi
Ko ngā pūihi waea tētahi o ngā momo pūihi tino noa nā te mea e kitea ana i ngā wāhi katoa - ngā motuka, ngā whare, ngā kaipuke, ngā waka rererangi, ngā waka mokowhiti, me ētahi atu. He maha ngā āhua o ngā pūihi waea, pērā i te rārangi tika (dipole), te porowhita, te porowhita, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3. Ehara i te mea me porowhita noa iho ngā pūihi porowhita. Ka taea te tapawhā rite, te tapawhā rite, te porowhita rānei, tētahi atu āhua rānei. Ko te pūihi porowhita te mea tino noa nā tōna hanganga māmā.

Pikitia 3

2. Ngā Pūihi Whakatuwhera
Kei te nui haere te mahi a ngā pūihi whakatuwhera nā te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō ngā momo pūihi matatini ake me te whakamahinga o ngā auau teitei ake. Ko ētahi momo pūihi whakatuwhera (ngā pūihi pyramidal, conical me te rectangular horn) e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 4. He tino whai hua tēnei momo pūihi mō ngā tono waka rererangi me ngā waka mokowhiti nā te mea ka taea te whakairi ki runga i te anga o waho o te waka rererangi, o te waka mokowhiti rānei. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te hipoki ki tētahi paparanga rauemi dielectric hei tiaki i a rātou mai i ngā taiao kino.

Pikitia 4

3. Pūihi iti-whiri
I tino rongonui ngā pūihi iti-ripanga i ngā tau 1970, ko te nuinga mō ngā tono amiorangi. He papa hiko-kore te mea kei roto i te pūihi me te papa whakarewa. He maha ngā āhua o te papa whakarewa, ā, ko te pūihi papa tapawhā rite e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 5 te mea tino noa. He iti te āhua o ngā pūihi iti-ripanga, he pai mō ngā mata papatahi me ngā mata kore-papatahi, he māmā, he iti hoki te utu ki te hanga, he pakari te whakairi ki runga i ngā mata pakari, ā, he hototahi ki ngā hoahoa MMIC. Ka taea te whakairi ki runga i te mata o ngā waka rererangi, ngā waka mokowhiti, ngā amiorangi, ngā pere, ngā motuka, tae atu ki ngā taputapu pūkoro, ā, ka taea te hoahoa kia rite ki te āhua.

Pikitia 5

4. Pūihi Whakatakotoranga
Kāore pea e taea e te kotahi wae pūihi te whakatutuki i ngā āhuatanga irahiko e hiahiatia ana e te maha o ngā tono. Ka taea e ngā rarangi pūihi te hanga i te irahiko mai i ngā huānga i hangaia hei whakaputa i te irahiko mōrahi i roto i te kotahi, i ētahi atu huarahi rānei, e whakaaturia ana tētahi tauira noa i te Pikitia 6.

Pikitia 6

5. Pūihi Whakaata
Nā te angitu o te tūhuratanga ātea i tere ai te whanaketanga o te ariā pūihi. Nā te hiahia mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhiti rawa, me whakamahi ngā pūihi tino kaha ki te tuku me te whiwhi tohu miriona maero te tawhiti. I roto i tēnei tono, ko te āhua pūihi noa ko te pūihi parabolic e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 7. Ko te whānui o tēnei momo pūihi he 305 mita, neke atu rānei, ā, me nui te rahi e hiahiatia ana hei whakatutuki i te kaha teitei e hiahiatia ana hei tuku, hei whiwhi rānei i ngā tohu miriona maero te tawhiti. Ko tētahi atu momo whakaata ko te whakaata kokonga, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 7 (c).

Pikitia 7

6. Ngā Antenna Arotahi
Ko te nuinga o ngā arotahi ka whakamahia hei whakakotahi i te pūngao marara e pā mai ana kia kore ai e horapa ki ngā ahunga irahiko kāore e hiahiatia. Mā te whakarerekē tika i te āhua o te arotahi me te whiriwhiri i te rauemi tika, ka taea e rātou te huri i ngā momo pūngao rerekē ki ngā ngaru papatahi. Ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te nuinga o ngā tono pēnei i ngā pūihi whakaata parabolic, inā koa i ngā auau teitei ake, ā, ka tino nui haere te rahi me te taumaha i ngā auau iti iho. Ka whakarōpūtia ngā pūihi arotahi i runga i ngā rauemi hanga, i ngā āhua āhua rānei, ko ētahi o ēnei e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 8.