matua

Arotake Pūihi: He Arotake i ngā Mata-ira-Pūrua me te Hoahoa Pūihi

I. Kupu Whakataki
Ko ngā fractal he mea pāngarau e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga ōrite i a rātou anō i ngā tauine rerekē. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ina whakanuia/whakaitihia e koe tētahi āhua fractal, ka tino rite ia wāhanga ki te katoa; arā, ka puta anō ngā tauira āhuahanga, ngā hanganga rānei rite i ngā taumata whakanui rerekē (tirohia ngā tauira fractal i te Pikitia 1). He maha ngā āhua uaua, taipitopito, ā, he mutunga kore te uaua o te nuinga o ngā fractal.

Tauira Fractal

ahua 1

I whakaurua te ariā o ngā fractal e te tohunga pāngarau a Benoit B. Mandelbrot i ngā tau 1970, ahakoa ka taea te whai i ngā takenga mai o te āhuahanga fractal ki ngā mahi o mua a te tini o ngā tohunga pāngarau, pērā i a Cantor (1870), von Koch (1904), Sierpinski (1915), Julia (1918), Fatou (1926), me Richardson (1953).
I ako a Benoit B. Mandelbrot i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā fractal me te taiao mā te whakauru i ngā momo fractal hou hei whakatauira i ngā hanganga uaua ake, pērā i ngā rākau, ngā maunga, me ngā takutai moana. I hangaia e ia te kupu "fractal" mai i te kupu Latina "fractus", ko te tikanga "pakaru" "pakaru" rānei, arā, he mea tito mai i ngā wahi pakaru, koretake rānei, hei whakaahua i ngā āhua āhua koretake me ngā āhua pakarukaru e kore e taea te whakarōpū e te āhua āhua Euclidean tuku iho. Hei tāpiri, i whakawhanakehia e ia ngā tauira pāngarau me ngā rauropi mō te whakaputa me te ako i ngā fractal, i arahina ai ki te hanganga o te huinga Mandelbrot rongonui, koinei pea te āhua fractal tino rongonui me te tino ātaahua ki te titiro me ngā tauira uaua me te kore mutunga (tirohia te Pikitia 1d).
Kāore i te pānga noa iho ngā mahi a Mandelbrot ki te pāngarau, engari he maha anō hoki ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara maha pērā i te ahupūngao, te whakairoiro rorohiko, te koiora, te ōhanga, me te toi. Inaa, nā te kaha ki te whakatauira me te whakaatu i ngā hanganga uaua me ngā hanganga rite tonu, he maha ngā whakamahinga auaha o ngā fractal i roto i ngā mara maha. Hei tauira, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara whakamahinga e whai ake nei, arā, he torutoru noa ngā tauira o tō rātou whakamahinga whānui:
1. Ngā whakairoiro rorohiko me te pakiwaituhi, e whakaputa ana i ngā whenua tūturu, ngā rākau, ngā kapua, me ngā kakano, he ātaahua ki te titiro;
2. Hangarau kōpeketanga raraunga hei whakaiti i te rahi o ngā kōnae matihiko;
3. Te tukatuka whakaahua me te tohu, te tango i ngā āhuatanga mai i ngā whakaahua, te kimi tauira, me te whakarato i ngā tikanga kōpeketanga me te hanga anō whakaahua whai hua;
4. Koiora, e whakaahua ana i te tipu o ngā tipu me te whakaritenga o ngā neuron i roto i te roro;
5. Te ariā pūihi me ngā rauemi meta, te hoahoa i ngā pūihi kiato/maha-roopu me ngā mata meta auaha.
I tēnei wā, kei te kitea tonutia ngā whakamahinga hou me ngā whakamahinga auaha o te āhuahanga fractal i roto i ngā momo marautanga pūtaiao, toi me te hangarau.
I roto i te hangarau hikohiko (EM), he tino whai hua ngā āhua fractal mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia whakaitihia, mai i ngā pūihi ki ngā rauemi meta me ngā mata whiriwhiri auau (FSS). Mā te whakamahi i te āhua fractal i roto i ngā pūihi tikanga ka taea te whakanui ake i tō rātou roa hiko, ā, ka whakaitihia te rahi whānui o te hanganga resonant. Hei tāpiri, ko te āhua rite-ake o ngā āhua fractal he mea pai mō te whakatinana i ngā hanganga resonant maha-roopu, whānui rānei. He tino ātaahua ngā āheinga whakaitiiti ā-roto o ngā fractal mō te hoahoa i ngā whakaata, ngā pūihi rarangi wāhanga, ngā mimiti rauemi meta me ngā mata meta mō ngā tono rerekē. Inaa, mā te whakamahi i ngā huānga rarangi iti rawa ka taea te kawe mai i ētahi painga, pērā i te whakaiti i te hononga tahi, te kaha rānei ki te mahi me ngā rarangi me te mokowā huānga iti rawa, ā, ka whakarite kia pai te mahi matawai me te taumata teitei ake o te pumau koki.
Mō ngā take kua whakahuatia ake nei, ko ngā pūihi fractal me ngā mata-mata e tohu ana i ngā wāhanga rangahau whakamīharo e rua i roto i te mara o te hikohiko kua kukume i te aro nui i ngā tau tata nei. E rua ngā ariā e tuku ana i ngā huarahi ahurei ki te whakahaere me te whakahaere i ngā ngaru hikohiko, me te whānuitanga o ngā tono i roto i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore, ngā pūnaha radar me te pūoko. Nā ō rātou āhuatanga rite tonu ka taea e rātou te iti te rahi me te pupuri tonu i te urupare hikohiko pai. He tino painga tēnei kiato i roto i ngā tono iti-wāhi, pērā i ngā taputapu pūkoro, ngā tohu RFID, me ngā pūnaha rererangi.
Mā te whakamahinga o ngā pūihi me ngā mata-mata fractal ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore, ngā whakaahua, me ngā pūnaha radar, nā te mea ka taea e rātou ngā taputapu kiato, mahi-teitei me te mahi whakarei ake. Hei tāpiri, kei te piki haere te whakamahinga o te āhua fractal i roto i te hoahoa o ngā pūoko ngaruiti mō te tātaritanga rauemi, nā tōna kaha ki te mahi i roto i ngā roopu auau maha me tōna kaha ki te whakaiti. Kei te haere tonu te rangahau i roto i ēnei wāhanga ki te tūhura i ngā hoahoa hou, ngā rauemi, me ngā tikanga hanga kia tutuki ai tō rātou pūmanawa katoa.
Ko te whāinga o tēnei pepa he arotake i te ahunga whakamua o te rangahau me te tono o ngā pūihi me ngā mata-whatuwhatu, me te whakatairite i ngā pūihi me ngā mata-whatuwhatu e hangai ana ki te whatuwhatu, me te whakaatu i ō rātou painga me ō rātou herenga. Hei whakamutunga, ka whakaaturia he tātaritanga whānui o ngā whakaata auaha me ngā waeine mata-whatuwhatu, ā, ka matapakihia ngā wero me ngā whanaketanga ā-muri o ēnei hanganga hikohiko.

2. FractalPūihiNgā Huānga
Ka taea te whakamahi i te ariā whānui o ngā fractal hei hoahoa i ngā huānga pūihi tauhou e whakarato ana i te mahi pai ake i ngā pūihi tuku iho. Tērā pea he iti te rahi o ngā huānga pūihi fractal, ā, he maha ngā āheinga roopu-maha, whānui rānei.
Ko te hoahoa o ngā pūihi fractal ko te whakahou i ngā tauira āhuahanga motuhake i ngā tauine rerekē i roto i te hanganga pūihi. Mā tēnei tauira rite tonu ka taea e tātou te whakanui ake i te roa whānui o te pūihi i roto i tētahi wāhi ā-tinana iti. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā pūihi fractal te whakatutuki i ngā roopu maha nā te mea he rite ngā wāhanga rerekē o te pūihi tetahi ki tetahi i ngā tauine rerekē. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā huānga pūihi fractal te kiato me te maha-roopu, e whakarato ana i te whānuitanga o te kapinga auau i ngā pūihi tikanga.
Ka taea te whai i te ariā o ngā pūihi fractal ki te mutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1980. I te tau 1986, i whakaatu a Kim rāua ko Jaggard i te whakamahinga o te āhua rite-ira fractal i roto i te hanganga o ngā pūihi.
I te tau 1988, i hangaia e te tohunga ahupūngao a Nathan Cohen te pūihi huānga fractal tuatahi o te ao. I whakaaro ia mā te whakauru i te āhuahanga rite-whaiaro ki roto i te hanganga pūihi, ka taea te whakapai ake i tōna mahi me ōna āheinga whakaitiiti. I te tau 1995, i whakatū tahi a Cohen i a Fractal Antenna Systems Inc., i tīmata ai ki te whakarato i ngā otinga pūihi fractal arumoni tuatahi o te ao.
I waenganui o te tekau tau atu i 1990, i whakaaturia e Puente me ētahi atu ngā āheinga maha-roopu o ngā fractals mā te whakamahi i te monopole me te dipole a Sierpinski.
Mai i te mahi a Cohen rāua ko Puente, kua nui te aro o ngā kairangahau me ngā miihini i roto i te ao whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā painga o ngā pūihi fractal, ā, kua arahina atu ki te tūhuratanga me te whanaketanga o te hangarau pūihi fractal.
I ēnei rā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pūihi fractal i roto i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti ahokore, tae atu ki ngā waea pūkoro, ngā pouara Wi-Fi, me ngā whakawhitiwhiti amiorangi. Inaa, he iti, he maha-rohe, he tino whai hua hoki ngā pūihi fractal, ā, he pai mō ngā momo taputapu ahokore me ngā whatunga.
E whakaatu ana ngā pikitia e whai ake nei i ētahi pūihi fractal i runga i ngā āhua fractal rongonui, he tauira noa iho ēnei o ngā whirihoranga rerekē i kōrerotia i roto i ngā tuhinga.
Ina koa, e whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2a i te monopole Sierpinski i whakaarohia i Puente, e āhei ana ki te whakarato i te mahi maha-roopu. Ka hangaia te tapatoru Sierpinski mā te tango i te tapatoru whakahurihuri pokapū mai i te tapatoru matua, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1b me te Pikitia 2a. Ka mahue i tēnei tukanga e toru ngā tapatoru ōrite i runga i te hanganga, ko ia tapatoru he haurua te roa o te taha o te tapatoru tīmatanga (tirohia te Pikitia 1b). Ka taea te whakahoki i te tukanga tango kotahi mō ngā tapatoru e toe ana. Nō reira, ko ia o ōna wāhanga matua e toru he ōrite tonu ki te mea katoa, engari he rua te ōwehenga, me ētahi atu. Nā ēnei āhuatanga ōrite motuhake, ka taea e Sierpinski te whakarato i ngā roopu auau maha nā te mea he rite ngā wāhanga rerekē o te pūihi tetahi ki tetahi i ngā tauine rerekē. E whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2, e mahi ana te monopole Sierpinski kua whakaarohia i roto i te 5 roopu. Ka kitea ko ia o ngā takai-iti e rima (ngā hanganga porowhita) i te Pikitia 2a he putanga tauine o te hanganga katoa, nō reira e whakarato ana i ngā roopu auau mahi e rima rerekē, e whakaaturia ana i te tauwehenga whakaata whakauru i te Pikitia 2b. E whakaatu ana hoki te ahua i ngā tawhā e pā ana ki ia roopu auau, tae atu ki te uara auau fn (1 ≤ n ≤ 5) i te uara iti rawa o te ngaronga whakahokinga whakauru i inehia (Lr), te whānui whānui whanaunga (Whānui), me te ōwehenga auau i waenga i ngā roopu auau e rua e tata ana (δ = fn +1/fn). E whakaatu ana te ahua 2b ko ngā roopu o ngā monopoles Sierpinski he mea wehe ā-taurangi mā te tauwehe 2 (δ ≅ 2), e rite ana ki te tauwehe tauine kotahi kei roto i ngā hanganga rite i roto i te āhua fractal.

2

ahua 2

E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 3a i tētahi pūihi waea roa iti e hangai ana ki te pihi Koch fractal. E whakaarohia ana tēnei pūihi hei whakaatu me pēhea te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga whakakī-ātea o ngā āhua fractal hei hoahoa i ngā pūihi iti. Inaa, ko te whakaiti i te rahi o ngā pūihi te whāinga matua o te maha o ngā tono, inā koa ko ērā e whai wāhi ana ki ngā taunga pūkoro. Ka hangaia te monopole Koch mā te whakamahi i te tikanga hanga fractal e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3a. Ko te whakahoutanga tuatahi K0 he monopole tika. Ko te whakahoutanga e whai ake nei K1 ka whiwhi mā te whakamahi i tētahi panoni ōrite ki a K0, tae atu ki te tauine mā te hautoru me te hurihuri mā te 0°, 60°, −60°, me te 0°, ia. Ka whakahoutia tēnei tukanga kia whiwhi ai i ngā huānga e whai ake nei Ki (2 ≤ i ≤ 5). E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 3a i tētahi putanga whakahoutanga e rima o te monopole Koch (arā, K5) me te teitei h e rite ana ki te 6 cm, engari ko te roa katoa e hoatu ana e te tātai l = h ·(4/3) 5 = 25.3 cm. E rima ngā pūihi e rite ana ki ngā putanga tuatahi e rima o te pihi Koch kua tutuki (tirohia te Pikitia 3a). E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau me ngā raraunga ka taea e te monopole fractal Koch te whakapai ake i te mahi a te monopole tuku iho (tirohia te Pikitia 3b). E kī ana tēnei ka taea pea te "whakaiti" i ngā pūihi fractal, kia uru ai ki ngā rahinga iti ake me te pupuri tonu i te mahi whai hua.

3

ahua 3

E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 4a i tētahi pūihi fractal i runga i tētahi huinga Cantor, e whakamahia ana hei hoahoa i tētahi pūihi whānui mō ngā tono hauhake pūngao. Ko te āhuatanga ahurei o ngā pūihi fractal e whakauru ana i ngā orooro maha e tata ana ka whakamahia hei whakarato i tētahi whānui whānui atu i ngā pūihi tikanga. E ai ki te Pikitia 1a, he tino māmā te hoahoa o te huinga fractal Cantor: ka tāruatia te rārangi tika tuatahi ka wehea kia toru ngā wāhanga ōrite, ka tangohia te wāhanga pokapū mai i reira; kātahi ka whakamahia te tukanga kotahi ki ngā wāhanga hou kua hangaia. Ka whakahokia ngā mahi o te fractal kia tae rā anō ki te whānuitanga o te pūihi (BW) o te 0.8–2.2 GHz (arā, 98% BW). E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 4 i tētahi whakaahua o te tauira pūihi kua whakatinanahia (Pikitia 4a) me tōna tauwehenga whakaata whakauru (Pikitia 4b).

4

ahua 4

Kei te Whakaahua 5 ētahi atu tauira o ngā pūihi fractal, tae atu ki te pūihi monopole e hangai ana ki te pihi Hilbert, he pūihi papaki microstrip e hangai ana ki Mandelbrot, me te papaki fractal moutere Koch (te "hukapapa" rānei).

5

ahua 5

Hei whakamutunga, e whakaatu ana te Pikitia 6 i ngā whakaritenga fractal rerekē o ngā huānga rarangi, tae atu ki ngā rarangi papatahi whāriki Sierpinski, ngā rarangi mowhiti Cantor, ngā rarangi raina Cantor, me ngā rākau fractal. He whai hua ēnei whakaritenga mō te whakaputa rarangi papatahi me/ranei te whakatutuki i te mahi maha-roopu.

6

ahua 6

Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō ngā antenna, tirohia:


Wā tuku: Hurae-26-2024

Tikina te Pepa Raraunga Hua