PūihiKo te ine te tukanga o te aromatawai ine me te tātari i te mahi me ngā āhuatanga o te pūihi. Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakamātautau motuhake me ngā tikanga ine, ka ine mātou i te pikinga, te tauira irahiko, te ōwehenga ngaru tū, te urupare auau me ētahi atu tawhā o te pūihi hei manatoko mēnā kei te tutuki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa o te pūihi i ngā whakaritenga, tirohia te mahi a te pūihi, me te whakarato whakaaro whakapai ake. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hua me ngā raraunga mai i ngā inenga pūihi hei aromatawai i te mahi a te pūihi, te arotau i ngā hoahoa, te whakapai ake i te mahi a te pūnaha, me te whakarato aratohu me te urupare ki ngā kaihanga pūihi me ngā miihini tono.
Ngā Taputapu e Hiahiatia ana mō ngā Inenga Pūihi
Mō te whakamātautau pūihi, ko te taputapu tino taketake ko te VNA. Ko te momo VNA māmā rawa ko te VNA 1-tauranga, e taea ai te ine i te aukati o te pūihi.
He uaua ake te ine i te tauira irahiko, te whakanui me te whai huatanga o te pūihi, ā, he nui ake ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana. Ka huaina e mātou te pūihi hei ine ko te AUT, arā, ko te Antenna Under Test. Ko ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana mō ngā ine pūihi ko:
He pūihi tohutoro - He pūihi me ngā āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana (te whakanui, te tauira, me ētahi atu)
He Tuku Mana RF - He huarahi hei werohanga pūngao ki roto i te AUT [Antenna Under Test]
He pūnaha kaiwhiwhi - Mā tēnei ka whakatau i te nui o te mana ka riro mai i te pūihi tohutoro
He pūnaha tūnga - Ka whakamahia tēnei pūnaha hei huri i te pūihi whakamātautau e pā ana ki te pūihi pūtake, hei ine i te tauira irahiko hei pānga o te koki.
Kei te Pikitia 1 te hoahoa poraka o ngā taputapu o runga ake nei.
Pikitia 1. Kauwhata o ngā taputapu ine pūihi e hiahiatia ana.
Ka kōrerohia pototia ēnei wāhanga. Me pai te whiti o te Pūihi Tohutoro i te auau whakamātautau e hiahiatia ana. He maha ngā wā he pūihi haona takirua-porowhita ngā pūihi tohutoro, kia taea ai te ine i te porowhita whakapae me te poutū i te wā kotahi.
Me āhei te Pūnaha Tuku ki te whakaputa i tētahi taumata mana pumau e mōhiotia ana. Me taea hoki te whakarerekē (te whiriwhiri) i te auau putanga, ā, me te pumau (ko te tikanga o te pumau ko te auau ka riro mai i te tuku he tata ki te auau e hiahiatia ana e koe, kāore e tino rerekē i te pāmahana). Me iti rawa te kaha o te tuku i ngā auau katoa (ka noho tonu ētahi kaha i waho o te auau e hiahiatia ana, engari kaua e nui te kaha i ngā harmonics, hei tauira).
Me whakatau noa e te Pūnaha Whiwhi te nui o te mana e whiwhihia ana mai i te pūihi whakamātautau. Ka taea tēnei mā te mita mana māmā, he taputapu hei ine i te mana RF (auau reo irirangi) ā, ka taea te hono tika ki ngā pito pūihi mā te raina tuku (pēnei i te taura coaxial me ngā hononga momo-N, SMA rānei). Ko te tikanga he pūnaha 50 Ohm te kaiwhiwhi, engari ka rerekē pea te ātete mēnā kua tohua.
Kia mōhio koe, he maha ngā wā ka whakakapia te pūnaha tuku/whiwhi e te VNA. Ka tukuna e te ine S21 he auau i waho o te tauranga 1, ā, ka tuhia te mana i whiwhihia i te tauranga 2. Nō reira, he pai te VNA mō tēnei mahi; heoi, ehara i te mea koinei anake te tikanga hei mahi i tēnei mahi.
Ko te Pūnaha Tūnga te kaiwhakahaere o te aronga o te pūihi whakamātautau. Nā te mea e hiahia ana tātou ki te ine i te tauira irahiko o te pūihi whakamātautau hei pānga o te koki (i roto i ngā taunga porowhita te nuinga), me huri te pūihi whakamātautau kia whakamāramahia ai te pūihi pūtake i te pūihi whakamātautau mai i ngā koki katoa. Ka whakamahia te pūnaha tūnga mō tēnei kaupapa. I te Pikitia 1, e whakaatu ana mātou i te AUT e hurihia ana. Kia mōhio he maha ngā huarahi hei mahi i tēnei hurihanga; i ētahi wā ka hurihia te pūihi tohutoro, ā, i ētahi wā ka hurihia ngā pūihi tohutoro me te AUT.
Nā te mea kua oti i a tātou ngā taputapu katoa e hiahiatia ana, ka taea e tātou te kōrero mō te wāhi me mahi i ngā inenga.
Kei hea te wāhi pai mō ā mātou ine pūihi? Tērā pea ka hiahia koe ki te mahi i tēnei i roto i tō karāti, engari mā ngā whakaata mai i ngā pakitara, i ngā tuanui me te papa ka hē ai ō inenga. Ko te wāhi pai hei mahi ine pūihi kei tētahi wāhi i te ao tūroa, kāore e taea te puta he whakaata. Heoi, nā te mea he tino utu nui te haere ki te ao tūroa i tēnei wā, ka arotahi mātou ki ngā wāhi ine kei runga i te mata o te Ao. Ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi Rūma Anechoic hei wehe i te whakatakotoranga whakamātautau pūihi me te mimiti i te kaha whakaata me te pahuka mimiti RF.
Ngā Pae Wāhi Koreutu (Ngā Rūma Anechoic)
Ko ngā awhe mokowā kore he wāhi ine pūihi i hangaia hei whakatauira i ngā inenga ka mahia i te mokowā. Arā, ko ngā ngaru whakaata katoa mai i ngā mea tata me te whenua (kāore e hiahiatia) ka pehia kia rite ki te taea. Ko ngā awhe mokowā kore rongonui ko ngā rūma anechoic, ngā awhe teitei, me te awhe kiato.
Ngā Rūma Anechoic
Ko ngā rūma anechoic he awhe pūihi o roto. Kua whakakikoruatia ngā pakitara, ngā tuanui me te papa ki te rauemi motuhake e mimiti ana i ngā ngaru hikohiko. He mea pai ngā awhe o roto nā te mea ka taea te whakahaere pai ake i ngā āhuatanga whakamātautau i ērā o waho. He maha ngā wā he kopikopiko te āhua o te rauemi, ā, he mea whakamere te kite i ēnei rūma. Kua hangaia ngā āhua tapatoru kopikopiko kia horapa noa ngā mea e whakaatahia ana mai i a rātou, ā, ko ngā mea e tāpirihia ana mai i ngā whakaata matapōkere katoa ka tāpirihia kia kore e taurite, ā, ka pehia rawatia. Kei te pikitia e whai ake nei te pikitia o tētahi rūma anechoic, me ētahi taputapu whakamātautau:
(E whakaatu ana te pikitia i te whakamātautau pūihi RFMISO)
Ko te ngoikoretanga o ngā rūma anechoic, me nui rawa atu. He maha ngā wā me maha ngā roangaru o ngā pūihi tetahi i tetahi kia iti rawa hei whakatauira i ngā āhuatanga o te papa tawhiti. Nō reira, mō ngā auau iti me ngā roangaru nui, me nui rawa ngā rūma, engari he maha ngā wā ka whakawhāitihia te rahi e ngā herenga utu me ngā herenga mahi. Ko ētahi kamupene kirimana tiaki e ine ana i te Wāhanga Whakawhiti Radar o ngā waka rererangi nui, o ētahi atu mea rānei, e mōhiotia ana he rūma anechoic te rahi o ngā papa poitūkohu, ahakoa ehara tēnei i te mea noa. Ko ngā whare wānanga me ngā rūma anechoic he 3-5 mita te roa, te whānui me te teitei o ngā rūma. Nā te herenga rahi, ā, nā te mea he pai ake te mahi a te rauemi mimiti RF i te UHF me te teitei ake, ka whakamahia ngā rūma anechoic mō ngā auau neke atu i te 300 MHz.
Ngā Pae Maunga Teitei
Ko ngā Paepae Teitei he paepae o waho. I tēnei whakatakotoranga, ka whakairihia te pūtake me te pūihi e whakamatautauria ana ki runga ake i te whenua. Ka taea te whakanoho i ēnei pūihi ki runga i ngā maunga, i ngā pourewa, i ngā whare, i ngā wāhi katoa rānei e kitea ana e te tangata he pai. He maha ngā wā ka mahia tēnei mō ngā pūihi tino nui, i ngā auau iti rānei (VHF me raro iho, <100 MHz) ina uaua te ine i roto i te whare. Kei te whakaatuhia te hoahoa taketake o te paepae teitei i te Pikitia 2.
Pikitia 2. Whakaahua o te awhe teitei.
Kāore te pūihi pūtake (te pūihi tohutoro rānei) e teitei ake i te pūihi whakamātautau, engari i whakaaturia noa e au i konei. Me noho kore e āraia te rārangi tirohanga (LOS) i waenganui i ngā pūihi e rua (e whakaaturia ana e te hihi mangu i te Pikitia 2). Kāore e hiahiatia ana ngā whakaata katoa (pērā i te hihi whero e whakaatahia ana mai i te whenua). Mō ngā awhe teitei, ina whakatauhia te pūtake me te wāhi o te pūihi whakamātautau, ka whakatauhia e ngā kaiwhakahaere whakamātautau te wāhi ka puta ai ngā whakaata nui, ā, ka ngana ki te whakaiti i ngā whakaata mai i ēnei mata. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te rauemi mimiti rf mō tēnei kaupapa, te rauemi rānei e whakakāhore ana i ngā hihi mai i te pūihi whakamātautau.
Ngā Awhe Kiato
Me whakanoho te pūihi pūtake ki te papa tawhiti o te pūihi whakamātautau. Ko te take, me noho te ngaru e whiwhihia ana e te pūihi whakamātautau hei ngaru papatahi kia tino tika ai. Nā te mea ka tukuna e ngā pūihi ngā ngaru porowhita, me tino tawhiti te pūihi kia tata rite te ngaru e tukuna ana mai i te pūihi pūtake ki te ngaru papatahi - tirohia te Pikitia 3.
Pikitia 3. Ka tukuna e te pūihi pūtake he ngaru he mata ngaru porowhita.
Heoi, mō ngā rūma o roto, he maha ngā wā kāore e ranea te wehenga hei whakatutuki i tēnei. Ko tētahi tikanga hei whakatika i tēnei raruraru ko te whakamahi i tētahi whānuitanga kiato. I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka anga atu tētahi pūihi pūtake ki tētahi whakaata, ko tōna āhua he mea hanga hei whakaata i te ngaru porowhita i roto i te āhua papatahi. He tino rite tēnei ki te mātāpono e mahi ai te pūihi rihi. Kei te whakaatuhia te mahi taketake i te Pikitia 4.
Pikitia 4. Awhe Kiato - ka whakaatahia ngā ngaru porowhita mai i te pūihi pūtake kia papatahi (kua whakakotahi).
Ko te roa o te whakaata parabolic e hiahiatia ana kia maha ngā wā te roa atu i te pūihi whakamātautau. Ko te pūihi pūtake i te Pikitia 4 kua wehea mai i te whakaata kia kore ai e arai i ngā hihi whakaata. Me tūpato hoki kia kore ai e pā te hihi tika (te hononga tahi) mai i te pūihi pūtake ki te pūihi whakamātautau.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-03-2024
