Te Hoahoa Ngātahi o te Pūihi-Whakatikatika
Ko te āhuatanga o ngā rectenna e whai ana i te āhua EG i te Pikitia 2 ko te hononga tika o te pūihi ki te whakatikatika, kaua ki te paerewa 50Ω, e hiahia ana kia whakaitihia, kia whakakorea rānei te ara iahiko taurite hei whakakaha i te whakatikatika. E arotakehia ana e tēnei wāhanga ngā painga o ngā rectenna SoA me ngā pūihi kore-50Ω me ngā rectenna kāore he whatunga taurite.
1. Ngā Pūihi Hiko Iti
Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā pūihi mowhiti LC i roto i ngā tono e tino hira ana te rahi o te pūnaha. I ngā auau i raro i te 1 GHz, ka nui ake te wāhi e nohoia ana e ngā pūihi huānga tohatoha paerewa i te rahi whānui o te pūnaha nā te roangaru, ā, ko ngā tono pēnei i ngā transceiver kua whakauruhia katoatia mō ngā whakaurunga tinana ka tino whai hua mai i te whakamahinga o ngā pūihi iti hiko mō te WPT.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te aukati ā-whakaoho teitei o te pūihi iti (tata ki te haruru) hei hono tika i te whakatikatika, hei whakamahi rānei i tētahi whatunga taurite kaha-i runga-maramara. Kua pūrongohia ngā pūihi iti-hiko i roto i te WPT me te LP me te CP i raro i te 1 GHz mā te whakamahi i ngā pūihi dipole Huygens, me te ka=0.645, ko te ka=5.91 i roto i ngā dipole noa (ka=2πr/λ0).
2. Pūihi honohono whakatikatika
He tino kaha te aukati tāuru o te diode, nō reira me whakamahi he pūihi whakaawe hei whakatutuki i te aukati honohono. Nā te kaha o te aukati capacitive o te maramara, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā pūihi whakaawe aukati teitei i roto i ngā tohu RFID. Nō nā tata nei, kua noho ngā pūihi dipole hei momo ahua i roto i ngā pūihi RFID aukati matatini, e whakaatu ana i te aukati teitei (ātete me te tauhohenga) tata ki tō rātou auau resonant.
Kua whakamahia ngā pūihi dipole whakapūmau hei whakataurite i te kaha teitei o te whakatikatika i roto i te awhe auau e hiahiatia ana. I roto i te pūihi dipole kua whakapikohia, ka mahi te raina poto takirua (whakapiko dipole) hei whakawhiti aukati, e āhei ai te hoahoa i tētahi pūihi aukati tino teitei. Waihoki, ko te whāngai piro te kawenga mō te whakanui ake i te tauhohenga aukati me te aukati tuturu. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā huānga dipole piro maha me ngā poro porowhita here-piko kore taurite ka hanga he pūihi aukati teitei whānui rua. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 4 i ētahi pūihi honohono whakatikatika kua pūrongohia.
Pikitia 4
Ngā āhuatanga irahiko i roto i te RFEH me te WPT
I roto i te tauira Friis, ko te mana PRX e riro ana i te pūihi i te tawhiti d mai i te tuku he pānga tika o te kaiwhiwhi me ngā whiwhinga tuku (GRX, GTX).
Ka pā tika te aronga matua o te pūihi me te pōraitanga ki te nui o te mana e kohia ana mai i te ngaru taunga. Ko ngā āhuatanga irahiko pūihi ngā tawhā matua e wehewehe ana i waenga i te RFEH taiao me te WPT (Pikitia 5). Ahakoa i roto i ngā tono e rua, kāore pea i te mōhiotia te reo horapa, ā, me whai whakaaro ki tōna pānga ki te ngaru i whiwhihia, ka taea te whakamahi i te mōhiotanga ki te pūihi tuku. E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 3 i ngā tawhā matua e kōrerohia ana i tēnei wāhanga me tō rātou whakamahinga ki te RFEH me te WPT.
Pikitia 5
1. Te Arotahi me te Whiwhinga
I te nuinga o ngā tono RFEH me WPT, e whakaarohia ana kāore te kaikohi e mōhio ki te ahunga o te irahiko taunga mai, ā, kāore he ara tirohanga-rārangi (LoS). I roto i tēnei mahi, he maha ngā hoahoa me ngā whakatakotoranga pūihi kua rangahaua hei whakanui ake i te mana i whiwhi mai i tētahi pūtake kāore i te mōhiotia, ahakoa te whakaritenga o te pū matua i waenga i te tuku me te kaiwhiwhi.
Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā pūihi omnidirectional i roto i ngā rectenna RFEH taiao. I roto i ngā tuhinga, ka rerekē te PSD i runga i te whakatakotoranga o te pūihi. Heoi, kāore anō kia whakamāramahia te rerekētanga o te mana, nō reira kāore e taea te whakatau mēnā nā te tauira irahiko o te pūihi te rerekētanga, nā te kore rānei o te ōritetanga o te polarization.
Haunga ngā tono RFEH, kua whānuitia te pūrongo mō ngā pūihi me ngā rarangi ahunga whai-rahi mō te WPT ngaruiti hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te kohikohinga o te iti o te kaha RF, hei whakakore rānei i ngā mate horapa. Ko ngā rarangi rectenna Yagi-Uda, ngā rarangi bowtie, ngā rarangi porowhita, ngā rarangi Vivaldi e hono piri ana, ngā rarangi CPW CP, me ngā rarangi papaki kei roto i ngā whakatinanatanga rectenna tauine ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha o te taunga i raro i tētahi rohe. Ko ētahi atu huarahi hei whakapai ake i te whai-rahi antenna ko te hangarau substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) i roto i ngā roopu ngaru ngaruiti me te mirimita, motuhake ki te WPT. Heoi, ko ngā rectenna whai-rahi e tohuhia ana e te whānui o te hihi whaiti, e kore ai e whai hua te whiwhinga o ngā ngaru i ngā ahunga matapōkere. I whakatauhia e ngā rangahau ki te maha o ngā huānga pūihi me ngā tauranga kāore te ahunga teitei e rite ki te kaha hauhake teitei ake i roto i te RFEH taiao me te whakaaro he taunga matapōkere toru-ahu; i manatokohia tēnei e ngā inenga mara i roto i ngā taiao tāone. Ka taea te whakawhāiti i ngā rarangi whai-rahi ki ngā tono WPT.
Hei whakawhiti i ngā painga o ngā pūihi whai-kaha ki ngā RFEH rerekē, ka whakamahia ngā otinga tākai, whakatakotoranga rānei hei whakakore i te take aronga. E whakaarohia ana he poroporo pūihi takirua-papaki hei kohi pūngao mai i ngā RFEH Wi-Fi taiao i ngā taha e rua. Ka hangaia hoki ngā pūihi RFEH pūtau taiao hei pouaka 3D, ā, ka tāia, ka piri rānei ki ngā mata o waho hei whakaiti i te horahanga pūnaha me te whakahohe i te kohi maha-aronga. He nui ake te tūponotanga o te whiwhi pūngao i roto i ngā RFEH taiao e ngā hanganga tapawhā tapawha.
I whakapaitia te hoahoa pūihi hei whakanui ake i te whānui o te hihi, tae atu ki ngā huānga papaki pirinoa āwhina, hei whakapai ake i te WPT i te 2.4 GHz, 4 × 1 ngā rarangi. I whakaarohia hoki he pūihi mata 6 GHz me ngā rohe hihi maha, e whakaatu ana i ngā hihi maha mō ia tauranga. Kua whakaarohia ngā pūihi mata maha-tauranga, maha-whakatikatika me ngā pūihi hauhake pūngao me ngā tauira hihi omnidirectional mō te RFEH maha-aronga me te maha-polarized. Kua whakaarohia hoki ngā maha-whakatikatika me ngā matrices hanga hihi me ngā rarangi pūihi maha-tauranga mō te hauhake pūngao nui-hua, maha-aronga.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ahakoa e pai ake ana ngā pūihi whai-rahi hei whakapai ake i te mana e kohia ana mai i ngā kiato RF iti, kāore pea ngā kaiwhiwhi whai-rahi e pai mō ngā tono kāore e mōhiotia te ahunga o te tuku (hei tauira, te RFEH ā-taiao, te WPT rānei mā roto i ngā hongere horapa kāore e mōhiotia). I roto i tēnei mahi, e whakaarohia ana he maha ngā huarahi maha-hihiko mō te WPT whai-rahi maha-aronga me te RFEH.
2. Te Whakapōratanga o te Pūihi
Ko te pōraihana pūihi e whakaahua ana i te nekehanga o te ira hiko e pā ana ki te ahunga horapa o te pūihi. Ka taea e ngā kore ōritetanga pōraihana te arahi ki te whakaiti i te tuku/te whiwhinga i waenga i ngā pūihi ahakoa kua whakaritea ngā ahunga matua o te pūihi. Hei tauira, ki te whakamahia he pūihi LP poutū mō te tuku me te whakamahi i te pūihi LP whakapae mō te whiwhinga, kāore he hiko e whiwhi. I roto i tēnei wāhanga, ka arotakehia ngā tikanga kua pūrongohia mō te whakanui ake i te pai o te whiwhinga ahokore me te karo i ngā ngaronga kore ōritetanga pōraihana. Kei te Pikitia 6 te whakarāpopototanga o te hoahoa rectenna kua whakaarohia e pā ana ki te pōraihana, ā, kei te Ripanga 4 te tauira SoA.
Pikitia 6
I roto i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga waea pūkoro, kāore pea e tutuki te whakaritenga porowhita raina i waenga i ngā teihana turanga me ngā waea pūkoro, nō reira kua hangaia ngā pūihi teihana turanga kia rua-porowhita, kia maha-porowhita rānei hei karo i ngā ngaronga koretake o te porowhita. Heoi, ko te rerekētanga porowhita o ngā ngaru LP nā ngā pānga maha-ara kei te noho tonu hei raruraru kāore anō kia whakatauhia. I runga i te whakaaro o ngā teihana turanga waea pūkoro maha-porowhita, kua hangaia ngā pūihi RFEH waea pūkoro hei pūihi LP.
Ko ngā pūihi CP te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i te WPT nā te mea he ātete ki te kore taurite. Ka taea e ngā pūihi CP te whiwhi i te hihi CP me te ahunga hurihuri ōrite (CP maui, matau rānei) hei tāpiri atu ki ngā ngaru LP katoa me te kore e ngaro te hiko. Ahakoa pēhea, ka tuku te pūihi CP, ā, ka whiwhi te pūihi LP me te ngaronga 3 dB (50% te ngaronga hiko). E ai ki ngā pūrongo he pai ngā pūihi CP mō ngā roopu ahumahi, pūtaiao, me te hauora 900 MHz me te 2.4 GHz me te 5.8 GHz tae atu ki ngā ngaru mirimita. I roto i te RFEH o ngā ngaru polarized ā-pōturi, ko te kanorau polarization te otinga pea mō ngā ngaronga kore taurite polarization.
Kua whakaarohia te whakapōraru katoa, e mōhiotia ana ko te whakapōraru maha, hei whakakore katoa i ngā ngaronga koretake o te whakapōraru, e āhei ai te kohikohi i ngā ngaru CP me LP, i reira ka whiwhi ngā huānga LP orthogonal whakapōraru rua-rua i ngā ngaru LP me CP katoa. Hei whakaatu i tēnei, ka noho pūmau tonu ngā ngaohiko kupenga poutū me te whakapae (VV me VH) ahakoa te koki whakapōraru:
Ko te mara hiko "E" o te ngaru hikohiko CP, ka kohia te mana e rua ngā wā (kotahi mō ia waeine), ā, ka whiwhi katoa i te wāhanga CP me te wikitoria i te ngaronga ōritenga pōraritanga 3 dB:
Hei whakamutunga, mā te whakakotahitanga DC, ka taea te whiwhi i ngā ngaru taupatupatu o te porowhita matapōkere. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 7 i te āhua o te tapawhā porowhita kua porowhitatia katoatia.
Pikitia 7
Hei whakarāpopototanga, i roto i ngā tono WPT me ngā pūtake hiko motuhake, he pai ake te CP nā te mea ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te WPT ahakoa te koki porowhita o te pūihi. I tētahi atu taha, i roto i te whiwhinga maha-pūtake, inā koa mai i ngā pūtake taiao, ka taea e ngā pūihi porowhita katoa te whakatutuki i te whiwhinga whānui pai ake me te kawe nui rawa atu; me whai hoahoa maha-tauranga/maha-whakatikatika hei whakakotahi i te mana porowhita katoa i te RF, i te DC rānei.
Whakarāpopototanga
E arotake ana tēnei pepa i ngā ahunga whakamua o te hoahoa pūihi mō te RFEH me te WPT, ā, e whakaaro ana ki tētahi whakarōpūtanga paerewa o te hoahoa pūihi mō te RFEH me te WPT kāore anō kia whakaarohia i roto i ngā tuhinga o mua. E toru ngā whakaritenga pūihi matua mō te whakatutuki i te pai o te RF-ki-DC kua tautuhia ko:
1. Te whānuitanga o te aukati o te pūihi whakatika mō ngā roopu RFEH me WPT e hiahiatia ana;
2. Te whakaritenga o te pū matua i waenga i te tuku me te kaiwhiwhi i roto i te WPT mai i tētahi whāngai motuhake;
3. Te whakataurite i te pōraihana i waenga i te tapawhā rite me te ngaru taunga ahakoa te koki me te tūranga.
I runga i te aukati, ka whakarōpūtia ngā tapawhā rite ki te 50Ω me ngā tapawhā rite honohono, me te arotahi ki te taurite aukati i waenga i ngā roopu me ngā kawenga rerekē me te whai huatanga o ia tikanga taurite.
Kua arotakehia ngā āhuatanga irahiko o ngā rectenna SoA mai i te tirohanga o te aronga tika me te pōraritanga. Ka matapakihia ngā tikanga hei whakapai ake i te whiwhinga mā te hanga hihi me te takai hei wikitoria i te whānui hihi whaiti. Hei whakamutunga, ka arotakehia ngā rectenna CP mō te WPT, me ngā whakatinanatanga rerekē hei whakatutuki i te whiwhinga motuhake o te pōraritanga mō te WPT me te RFEH.
Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō ngā antenna, tirohia:
Wā tuku: 16 o Ākuhata-2024
