1.Whakataki
Kua nui te aro ki te hauhake pūngao auau reo irirangi (RF) (RFEH) me te whakawhiti hiko ahokore hihi (WPT) hei huarahi ki te whakatutuki i ngā whatunga ahokore pumau kore-pāhiko. Ko ngā rectenna te tūāpapa o ngā pūnaha WPT me te RFEH, ā, he pānga nui ki te mana DC e tukuna ana ki te kawenga. Ka pā tika ngā wāhanga pūihi o te rectenna ki te whai huatanga o te hauhake, ka taea te whakarerekē i te mana hauhake mā te maha o ngā whakarea o te rahi. Ka arotakehia e tēnei pepa ngā hoahoa pūihi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tono WPT me te RFEH taiao. Ka whakarōpūhia ngā rectenna kua pūrongohia kia rite ki ngā paearu matua e rua: te whānui o te aukati whakatika pūihi me ngā āhuatanga hihi o te pūihi. Mō ia paearu, ka whakatauhia, ka arotakehia hoki te tatauranga hiranga (FoM) mō ngā tono rerekē.
I whakaarohia te WPT e Tesla i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20 hei tikanga hei tuku i ngā mano hōiho. Ko te kupu rectenna, e whakaahua ana i tētahi pūihi e hono ana ki tētahi whakatikatika hei kohi i te mana RF, i puta mai i ngā tau 1950 mō ngā tono tuku mana ngaruiti ā-wāhi me te whakakaha i ngā waka rererangi motuhake. Ko te WPT tawhiti-katoa, e herea ana e ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te reo horapa (hau). Nō reira, ko te WPT arumoni e herea ana ki te whakawhiti mana kore-ira tata-papa mō te utu hiko kaihoko ahokore, RFID rānei.
I te mea kei te heke haere tonu te whakamahinga hiko o ngā taputapu haurua-ira me ngā pūnga pūoko ahokore, ka māmā ake te whakakaha i ngā pūnga pūoko mā te whakamahi i te RFEH taiao, mā te whakamahi rānei i ngā tuku hiko-maha-aronga iti-mana tohatoha. Ko ngā pūnaha hiko ahokore tino-iti-mana he mea hanga mai i te pito mua o te hopu RF, te whakahaere mana me te mahara DC, me te tukatuka iti-mana me te tukuwhiti.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 1 i te hoahoanga o tētahi pūnga ahokore RFEH me ngā whakatinanatanga RF o mua e pūrongohia whānuitia ana. Ko te whai huatanga o te pūnaha hiko ahokore me te hoahoanga o te whatunga mōhiohio me te whakawhiti hiko ahokore tukutahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mahi a ngā wāhanga takitahi, pērā i ngā pūihi, ngā whakatikatika, me ngā ara iahiko whakahaere hiko. He maha ngā rangahau tuhinga kua mahia mō ngā wāhanga rerekē o te pūnaha. E whakarāpopoto ana te Ripanga 1 i te wāhanga tahuritanga hiko, ngā wāhanga matua mō te tahuritanga hiko whai hua, me ngā rangahau tuhinga e pā ana mō ia wāhanga. Ko ngā tuhinga hou e aro ana ki te hangarau tahuritanga hiko, ngā āhua whakatikatika, te RFEH mōhio-whatunga rānei.
Pikitia 1
Heoi, kāore te hoahoa pūihi e whakaarohia hei wāhanga nui i roto i te RFEH. Ahakoa e whakaarohia ana e ētahi tuhinga te whānui me te whai huatanga o te pūihi mai i te tirohanga whānui, mai i te tirohanga hoahoa pūihi motuhake rānei, pērā i ngā pūihi iti, ngā pūihi mau rānei, kāore i te tātarihia taipitopitotia te pānga o ētahi tawhā pūihi ki te whiwhinga hiko me te whai huatanga o te tahuritanga.
Ka arotakehia e tēnei pepa ngā tikanga hoahoa pūihi i roto i ngā rectenna me te whāinga ki te wehewehe i ngā wero hoahoa pūihi motuhake a RFEH me WPT mai i te hoahoa pūihi whakawhitiwhiti paerewa. Ka whakaritea ngā pūihi mai i ngā tirohanga e rua: te taurite aukati pito-ki-pito me ngā āhuatanga irahiko; i ia take, ka tautuhia, ka arotakehia hoki te FoM i roto i ngā pūihi hou (SoA).
2. Te Whānuitanga me te Taurite: Ngā Whatunga RF Kore-50Ω
Ko te ātete āhuatanga o te 50Ω he whakaaro wawe mō te taupatupatu i waenga i te whakaiti me te mana i roto i ngā tono hangarau ngaruiti. I roto i ngā pūihi, ko te whānui o te ātete ka tautuhia ko te awhe auau kei reira te mana whakaata he iti iho i te 10% (S11< − 10 dB). Nā te mea he mea hanga ngā whakakaha haruru iti (LNA), ngā whakakaha mana, me ngā pūoko ki te ōrite ātete tāuru 50Ω, ko te pūtake 50Ω te tikanga e tohuhia ana.
I roto i te tapawhā rite, ka tukuna tika te putanga o te pūihi ki roto i te whakatikatika, ā, nā te kore-raina o te diode ka nui te rerekētanga o te aukati whakauru, me te wāhanga capacitive e whakahaere ana. Mēnā he pūihi 50Ω te rahi, ko te wero matua ko te hoahoa i tētahi atu whatunga taurite RF hei huri i te aukati whakauru ki te aukati o te whakatikatika i te auau e hiahiatia ana, me te arotau hoki mō tētahi taumata mana motuhake. I tēnei take, me whai whānui aukati pito-ki-pito kia pai ai te hurihanga RF ki te DC. Nō reira, ahakoa ka taea e ngā pūihi te whakatutuki i te whānui mutunga kore, te whānui-rahi rānei mā te whakamahi i ngā huānga ā-wā, i te āhuahanga tautoko-whaiaro rānei, ka āraia te whānui o te tapawhā rite e te whatunga taurite whakatikatika.
He maha ngā momo āhuahanga rectenna kua whakaarohia hei whakatutuki i te hauhake kotahi-rohe me te maha-rohe, te WPT rānei mā te whakaiti i ngā whakaata me te whakanui ake i te whakawhiti mana i waenga i te pūihi me te whakatikatika. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2 i ngā hanganga o ngā āhuahanga rectenna kua pūrongohia, kua whakarōpūtia e ō rātou hoahoa taurite aukati. E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 2 i ngā tauira o ngā rectenna mahi-teitei e pā ana ki te whānui o te hononga pito-ki-te-pito (i tēnei wā, FoM) mō ia kāwai.
Pikitia 2 Ngā āhuahanga Rectenna mai i te tirohanga o te whānui me te taurite aukati. (a) Rectenna kotahi-rohe me te pūihi paerewa. (b) Rectenna maha-rohe (he maha ngā pūihi e hono tahi ana) me te whakatikatika kotahi me te whatunga taurite mō ia roopu. (c) Rectenna whānui me ngā tauranga RF maha me ngā whatunga taurite motuhake mō ia roopu. (d) Rectenna whānui me te pūihi whānui me te whatunga taurite whānui. (e) Rectenna kotahi-rohe e whakamahi ana i te pūihi iti hiko e taurite tika ana ki te whakatikatika. (f) Pūihi kotahi-rohe, nui hiko me te aukati matatini hei hono atu ki te whakatikatika. (g) Rectenna whānui me te aukati matatini hei hono atu ki te whakatikatika i runga i te whānuitanga o ngā auau.
Ahakoa he rerekē ngā tono rectenna o te WPT me te RFEH taiao mai i te whāngai motuhake, he mea nui te whakatutuki i te taurite pito-ki-pito i waenga i te antenna, te whakatikatika me te kawenga hei whakatutuki i te pai o te huringa mana teitei (PCE) mai i te tirohanga whānui. Heoi anō, he nui ake te aro o ngā rectenna WPT ki te whakatutuki i te taurite tauwehe kounga teitei ake (S11 iti iho) hei whakapai ake i te PCE roopu-kotahi i ētahi taumata mana (ngā topologies a, e me te f). Ko te whānui o te whānui o te WPT roopu-kotahi ka whakapai ake i te ātete pūnaha ki te wetewete, ngā hapa hanga me ngā parasitic tākai. I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā rectenna RFEH e whakatairanga ana i te mahi maha-roopu, ā, nō ngā topologies bd me g, nā te mea he iti ake te kiato hihi mana (PSD) o te roopu kotahi.
3. Hoahoa pūihi tapawhā
1. Porowhita auau-kotahi
Ko te hoahoa pūihi o te tapawhā auau-kotahi (te āhua A) e hangai ana ki te hoahoa pūihi paerewa, pērā i te porowhita raina (LP) te porowhita porowhita rānei (CP) e whiti ana i te papa whenua, te pūihi rua-pou me te pūihi F hurihuri. Ko te tapawhā roopu rerekē e hangai ana ki te huinga DC e whirihorahia ana me ngā waeine pūihi maha, te huinga DC me te RF whakauru rānei o ngā waeine papaki maha.
I te mea he maha ngā pūihi e whakaarohia ana he pūihi auau-kotahi, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te WPT auau-kotahi, ina rapu ana i te RFEH auau-maha taiao, ka whakakotahihia ngā pūihi auau-kotahi maha ki roto i ngā tapawhā maha-roopu (te āhua B) me te pehi hononga tahi me te whakakotahitanga DC motuhake i muri i te ara iahiko whakahaere mana hei wehe katoa i a rātou mai i te ara iahiko whiwhi me te hurihanga RF. Me whakamahi i ngā ara iahiko whakahaere mana maha mō ia roopu, ka whakaiti pea i te whai huatanga o te kaitahuri whakanui nā te mea he iti te mana DC o te roopu kotahi.
2. Ngā pūihi RFEH maha-roopu me te whānui
He maha ngā wā e hono ana te RFEH taiao ki te whiwhi maha-roopu; nō reira, he maha ngā tikanga kua whakaarohia hei whakapai ake i te whānui o ngā hoahoa pūihi paerewa me ngā tikanga mō te hanga i ngā rarangi pūihi takirua-roopu, roopu rānei. I tēnei wāhanga, ka arotakehia e mātou ngā hoahoa pūihi ritenga mō ngā RFEH, tae atu ki ngā pūihi maha-roopu tawhito me te kaha ki te whakamahi hei tapawhā rite.
He iti ake te wāhi e nohoia ana e ngā pūihi monopole coplaner waveguide (CPW) i ngā pūihi papaki microstrip i te auau kotahi, ā, ka puta he ngaru LP, CP rānei, ā, he maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana mō ngā rectenna taiao whānui. Ka whakamahia ngā papa whakaata hei whakanui ake i te wehenga me te whakapai ake i te whiwhinga, ka hua ake he tauira irahiko e rite ana ki ngā pūihi papaki. Ka whakamahia ngā pūihi arataki ngaru coplaner kua kōpikopiko hei whakapai ake i ngā whānui aukati mō ngā roopu auau maha, pērā i te 1.8–2.7 GHz, 1–3 GHz rānei. Ka whakamahia whānuitia hoki ngā pūihi kōpikopiko whāngai-honohono me ngā pūihi papaki i roto i ngā hoahoa rectenna maha-roopu. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 3 i ētahi pūihi maha-roopu kua pūrongohia e whakamahi ana i te neke atu i te kotahi tikanga whakapai ake i te whānui.
Pikitia 3
Te Taurite Āraitanga o te Pūihi-Whakatikatika
He uaua te whakataurite i tētahi pūihi 50Ω ki tētahi whakatikatika kore-raina nā te mea he rerekē rawa tōna aukati whakauru i runga i te auau. I roto i ngā āhua A me B (Pikitia 2), ko te whatunga whakataurite noa he whakataurite LC e whakamahi ana i ngā huānga puranga; heoi, he iti ake te whānui o te whānui i te nuinga o ngā roopu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ko te whakataurite porowhita kotahi-roopu te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā roopu ngaruiti me ngā roopu ngaru-mirimita i raro i te 6 GHz, ā, he whāiti te whānui o ngā porowhita mirimita-ngaru kua pūrongohia nā te mea kua aukatia te whānui o te whānui PCE e te pehitanga o te haurore putanga, e tino pai ai mō ngā tono WPT roopu-kotahi i roto i te roopu kore raihana 24 GHz.
He uaua ake ngā whatunga taurite o ngā tapawhā rite i roto i ngā āhua C me D. Kua whakaarohia ngā whatunga taurite raina tohatoha katoa mō te taurite whānui, me te ara iahiko poto poraka RF/DC (tātari haere) i te tauranga putanga, he pūnga aukati DC rānei hei ara whakahoki mō ngā harmonika diode. Ka taea te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga whakatikatika e ngā pūnga whakawhiti matihiko papa ara iahiko tānga (PCB), e hangaia ana mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu aunoa hoahoa hiko arumoni. Ko ētahi atu whatunga taurite tapawhā rite whānui kua pūrongohia e whakakotahi ana i ngā huānga puranga hei taurite ki ngā auau iti me ngā huānga tohatoha hei hanga i te poto RF i te tāuru.
Kua whakamahia te whakarerekētanga o te aukati whakauru i kitea e te kawenga mā roto i tētahi pūtake (e mōhiotia ana ko te tikanga kukume pūtake) hei hoahoa i tētahi whakatikatika whānui me te 57% te whānui o te whānui (1.25–2.25 GHz) me te 10% teitei ake o te PCE ki te whakataurite ki ngā ara iahiko puranga, tohatoha rānei. Ahakoa he mea hanga ngā whatunga taurite hei taurite i ngā pūihi puta noa i te whānui 50Ω katoa, kei reira ngā pūrongo i roto i ngā tuhinga kua honoa ngā pūihi whānui ki ngā whakatikatika whāiti.
Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā whatunga taurite huānga-pūrua me ngā huānga-tohatoha i roto i ngā āhua C me D, ko ngā inductors raupapa me ngā pūnga ko ngā huānga pūrua e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ka karohia e ēnei ngā hanganga uaua pēnei i ngā pūnga interdigited, e hiahia ana kia tika ake te whakatauira me te hanga i ngā raina microstrip paerewa.
Ka pā te mana whakauru ki te whakatikatika ki te aukati whakauru nā te kore-raina o te diode. Nō reira, kua hangaia te rectenna kia whakanuia te PCE mō tētahi taumata mana whakauru me te aukati kawenga motuhake. Nā te mea he aukati teitei te nuinga o ngā diode i ngā auau i raro i te 3 GHz, ko ngā rectenna whānui e whakakore ana i ngā whatunga taurite, e whakaiti ana rānei i ngā ara iahiko taurite kua arotahi ki ngā auau Prf>0 dBm me runga ake i te 1 GHz, nā te mea he iti te aukati capacitive o ngā diode, ā, ka taea te taurite pai ki te antenna, kia kore ai e hoahoahia ngā antenna me ngā tauhohenga whakauru >1,000Ω.
Kua kitea te whakataurite i te aukati urutau, te whirihora-anō rānei i roto i ngā CMOS rectennas, kei reira te whatunga whakataurite he pēke pūngao kei runga i te maramara me ngā inductors. Kua whakaarohia hoki ngā whatunga whakataurite CMOS tūmau mō ngā pūihi 50Ω paerewa me ngā pūihi koropiko hoahoa-tahi. Kua pūrongohia ka whakamahia ngā pūoko mana CMOS kore mahi hei whakahaere i ngā pana e tuku ana i te putanga o te pūihi ki ngā whakatikatika rerekē me ngā whatunga whakataurite i runga i te mana e wātea ana. Kua whakaarohia he whatunga whakataurite whirihora-anō mā te whakamahi i ngā pūngao ka taea te whakarite puranga, e whirihorahia ana mā te whakatikatika pai i te wā e ine ana i te aukati whakauru mā te whakamahi i te tātari whatunga vector. I roto i ngā whatunga whakataurite microstrip ka taea te whirihora-anō, kua whakamahia ngā pana transistor pānga mara hei whakatika i ngā porotiti whakataurite kia tutuki ai ngā āhuatanga takirua-roopu.
Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō ngā antenna, tirohia:
Wā tuku: Akuhata-09-2024
